Erratum to "MAT cross-reactions or vaccine cross-protection: retrospective study of 863 leptospirosis canine cases" [Heliyon 4 (11) (November 2018) e00869].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.

MAT cross-reactions or vaccine cross-protection: retrospective study of 863 leptospirosis canine cases.

Unlabelled: Dogs are naturally exposed to numerous pathogenic serogroups. Leptospirosis vaccines are claimed to afford a clinical protection restricted to the serogroups of which they are composed.

Objectives: Dogs exhibiting liver and kidney injury were suspected of having leptospirosis.

Leptospirosis in domestic animals in France: serological results from 1988 to 2007.

Leptospirosis is a common infection in domestic animals. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is used for serological diagnosis. From 1988 to 2007, the Leptospira Medical and Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory at the Nantes National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering used the MAT to test serum samples from more than 40,000 cattle, 40,000 pigs, 20,000 horses and 9,500 dogs.

Waterborne Leptospirosis: Survival and Preservation of the Virulence of Pathogenic Leptospira spp. in Fresh Water.

Many studies have implicated fresh water as a source of leptospirosis outbreaks. To estimate the survival and the preservation of the virulence of pathogenic Leptospira spp. maintained in water, we selected five still waters with various pH and mineral profiles.

Undiagnosed leptospirosis cases in naïve and vaccinated dogs: properties of a serological test based on a synthetic peptide derived from Hap1/LipL32 (residues 154-178).

Leptospirosis is a common disease in dogs, despite having current vaccinations. However, leptospirosis diagnosis based on the routine Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) leads to confusing conclusions, especially for infected vaccinated dogs. Indeed, both bacterin and natural infection stimulate the production of agglutinating antibodies.

Serological survey of canine leptospirosis in three countries of tropical Africa: Sudan, Gabon and Ivory Coast.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted to estimate the presence of leptospiral antibodies among 475 dogs from three countries of tropical Africa: Sudan (n=62), Gabon (n=255) and Ivory Coast (n=158). Sixteen reference strains belonging to seven serogroups were used as antigen in the microscopic agglutination test. Overall, considering titres ≥1:40, 453 samples were positive towards one or several serovars of pathogenic leptospires.

Diagnosis algorithm for leptospirosis in dogs: disease and vaccination effects on the serological results.

Leptospirosis is a common disease in dogs, despite their current vaccination. Vet surgeons may use a serological test to verify their clinical observations. The gold standard is the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT).

Development and validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of circulating antibodies raised against growth hormone as a consequence of rbST treatment in cows.

The recombinant bovine growth hormone (rbST) is used to increase lactating performances of dairy cows. Administration of rbST is banned in the European Union; nevertheless, its use is probable. Until now, efficient analytical strategies to detect such practice are based on the direct detection by mass spectrometry of the presence of rbST in biological fluids, which suits for confirmatory purposes.

Leptospirosis in free-ranging endangered European mink (Mustela lutreola) and other small carnivores (Mustelidae, Viverridae) from southwestern France.

To study the possible role of disease in the decline of endangered European mink (Mustela lutreola), we conducted a survey of antibody prevalence and renal carriage of pathogenic leptospira (Leptospira interrogans sensu lato) using serum and kidney samples collected from 1990 to 2007 from several free-ranging small carnivores and farmed American mink (Mustela vison) in southwestern France. An indirect microscopic agglutination test using a panel of 16 serovars belonging to 6 serogroups (Australis, Autumnalis, Icterohæmorrhagiæ, Grippotyphosa, Panama, Sejroe) revealed antibodies in all species, with significant differences in antibody prevalences: 74% in European mink (n=99), 65.4% in European polecats (Mustela putorius, n=133), 86% in American mink (n=74), 89% in stone martens (Martes foina, n=19), 74% in pine martens (Martes martes, n=19), 35% in common genets (Genetta genetta, n=79), and 31% in farmed American mink (n=51).

Multilocus sequence analysis for typing Leptospira interrogans and Leptospira kirschneri.

Fifty-three strains belonging to the pathogenic species Leptospira interrogans and Leptospira kirschneri were analyzed by multilocus sequence analysis. The species formed two distinct branches. In the L.

Synthetic peptide issued from Hap1/LipL32 for new early serodiagnosis of human leptospirosis.

Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis. Today, serological diagnosis is generally assessed by MAT. We performed ELISA with a synthetic peptide derived from Hap1/lipL32 which is a protein expressed only by pathogenic Leptospira.

[Seroprevalence of Lyme Borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis in workers at risk, in eastern France].

Objective: The aim of this article was to assess the seroprevalence of Lyme Borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) among occupationally exposed forest workers.

Methods: Workers exposed to tick bites in Eastern France were interviewed by occupational health physicians of the mutualité sociale agricole (MSA) on their sociodemographic features, their occupational activity, their last tick bite, their clinical history, and their means of prevention. Blood sampling was carried out for antibody detection.

Leptospira exposure in the human environment in France: A survey in feral rodents and in fresh water.

This paper confirms the important role of rodents to be maintenance hosts of leptospires. Their role is related to renal carriage and shedding of leptospires into urine, thus contaminating fresh water. Serological and carriage of feral rodents trapped in France were determined by MAT and hap1PCR specific for pathogenic leptospires.

Detection of secondary biomarker of met-eGH as a strategy to screen for somatotropin misuse in horseracing.

Since the Australian commercialisation of the recombinant equine growth hormone (reGH) in 1998 (EquiGen-5), Bresagen), this reGH, which differs only from eGH by an additional methionine at the N-terminal end (met-eGH), is worldwide suspected to be administered to racehorses as a doping agent. Indeed, the use of this biological drug is considered as a threat to horseracing since it acts both on growth, development or reproductive functions, and on the improvement of performances. In this work, we describe two reliable techniques based on surface plasmon resonance biosensor immunoassay (SPR-BIA) and solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as new, rapid and efficient long-term screening methods applicable to horseracing antidoping analysis.

Canine leptospirosis--do we have a problem?

Acute canine leptospirosis is well known to vet surgeons. To protect dogs against this lethal disease, vaccination is widely used. However, chronic forms of leptospirosis have been noticed even in vaccinated animals, generally induced by bacteria from serogroups other than Icterohaemorrhagiae and Canicola such as Sejroë, Australis or Grippotyphosa.

Identification of pathogenic Leptospira strains in tissues of a premature foal by use of polymerase chain reaction analysis.

Studies were carried out to determine the cause of death in a prematurely born Thoroughbred foal that died 24 hours after birth. Necropsy revealed gross lesions suggestive of septicemia. A commercial Leptospira polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay designed to specifically amplify the hemolysis-associated protein 1 (hap1) gene present only in pathogenic Leptospira strains detected the presence of Leptospira DNA in various tissues of the foal.

[Efficacy of Spirolept vaccine against human leptospirosis as estimated by passive protection of laboratory rodents].

Objective: This study had for aim to assess the serological response induced by the Spirolept vaccine against human leptospirosis.

Method: A serological follow-up was made on 31 patients at a risk of occupational exposure. The antibody titers of vaccinated patients were assessed by MAT and ELISA.

Protection against Leptospira interrogans sensu lato challenge by DNA immunization with the gene encoding hemolysin-associated protein 1.

The use of DNA constructs encoding leptospiral proteins is a promising new approach for vaccination against leptospirosis. In previous work we determined that immunization with hemolysis-associated protein 1 (Hap1) (LipL32) expressed by adenovirus induced significant protection against a virulent Leptospira challenge in gerbils. To avoid the use of the adenovirus vector, we checked for clinical protection against lethal challenge by DNA vaccination.

Polymerase chain reaction assay specific for pathogenic Leptospira based on the gene hap1 encoding the hemolysis-associated protein-1.

In this study, we used Southern hybridization of genomic DNA with the integral hap1 gene as a probe to show that this gene is only present in pathogenic Leptospira strains. We then selected PCR primers based on the hap1 gene, and tested them on several Leptospira strains and biological samples. Specific amplification was obtained for all pathogenic strains tested.

Comparison of the efficacy of three commercial bacterins in preventing canine leptospirosis.

Twenty-four specific pathogen-free beagles were randomly allocated into four groups (three vaccinated groups and one control group) and inoculated at nine and 12 weeks of age with one of three commercial inactivated Leptospira vaccines: A (Vanguard 7; Pfizer Santé Animale), B (Dohyvac 7L; Fort Dodge), and C (Nobivac DHPPi + Lepto; Intervet International); the control group received Nobivac DHPPi (Intervet International). Seven weeks after the second vaccination all the dogs were challenged with Leptospira interrogans serogroup canicola. All the vaccinated dogs developed a mild serological response (microscopic agglutination titres) after the booster vaccination.

Clustered cases of leptospirosis in Rochefort, France, June 2001.

Five clustered cases of leptospirosis were diagnosed in the area of Rochefort, France, in June 2001, among teenagers who had swum in the Genouillé canal. The symptoms included fever, headache, abdominal pain and vomiting, chills and myalgia. Three cases were confirmed by PCR and serology.

Role of the coypu (Myocastor coypus) in the epidemiology of leptospirosis in domestic animals and humans in France.

The coypu (Myocastor coypus), a rodent whose natural habitat is stagnant freshwater, has become a widespread pest in France within the last decade. This study investigated the prevalence of seropositivity and the renal carriage of leptospires in coypus in order to evaluate their role in terms of the risk of infection by Leptospira interrogans in domestic animals and humans. The study involved the application of serological and bacteriological methods to identify leptospires infection and/or carriage in 738 coypus trapped from 1996 to 1999 in six areas of France.

Identification of the hemolysis-associated protein 1 as a cross-protective immunogen of Leptospira interrogans by adenovirus-mediated vaccination.

New vaccine strategies are needed for the prevention of leptospirosis, a widespread human and animal disease caused by pathogenic leptospires. Our previous work determined that a protein leptospiral extract conferred cross-protection in a gerbil model of leptospirosis. The 31- to 34-kDa protein fraction of Leptospira interrogans serovar autumnalis was shown sufficient for this purpose.

Antimicrobial activity of enrofloxacin against Staphylococcus intermedius strains isolated from canine pyodermas.

This study examined and compared the minimal inhibition concentrations (MICs) of enrofloxacin against 393 Staphylococcus intermedius strains isolated in France from canine pyodermas during three different years, 1995 (174 isolates), 1997 (101 isolates) and 1999 (118 isolates). The MICs of enrofloxacin against these strains ranged from 0.063 to 64 mg L-1, with MIC50 and MIC90 equal to 0.