Similar Regional Hypertrophy of the Elbow Flexor Muscles in Response to Low-Load Training With Vascular Occlusion at Short Versus Long Muscle Lengths.

Background: The regional hypertrophy response of elbow flexor muscles was compared after unilateral elbow flexion training in extended versus flexed shoulder position under vascular occlusion, which can induce muscle hypertrophy in the absence of muscle damage-induced edema/swelling.

Hypothesis: Hypertrophy of elbow flexor muscles would be greater in extended compared with flexed shoulder position.

Study Design: Randomized within-subject trial.

CT-based comprehensive scoring system for assessing hip arthropathy in ankylosing spondylitis: feasibility study with clinical correlation.

Objective: To develop a CT-based scoring system for assessment of hip arthropathy in AS.

Methods: All AS patients were prospectively recruited, consented, and underwent whole-body stereoradiographs and pelvis CT, which were assessed by two independent radiologists. Stereoradiographs were assessed according to Kellgreen-Lawrence and BASRI-h.

Higher resistance training volume offsets muscle hypertrophy nonresponsiveness in older individuals.

The magnitude of muscle hypertrophy in response to resistance training (RT) is highly variable between individuals (response heterogeneity). Manipulations in RT variables may modulate RT-related response heterogeneity; yet, this remains to be determined. Using a within-subject unilateral design, we aimed to investigate the effects of RT volume manipulation on whole muscle hypertrophy [quadriceps muscle cross-sectional area (qCSA)] among nonresponders and responders to a low RT dose (single-set).

Effect of different training frequencies on maximal strength performance and muscle hypertrophy in trained individuals-a within-subject design.

Several studies comparing resistance training (RT) frequencies may have been affected by the large between-subject variability. This study aimed to compare the changes in lower limbs maximal dynamic strength (1RM) and quadriceps femoris cross-sectional area (CSA) after a RT with different weekly frequencies in strength-trained individuals using a within-subject design. Twenty-four men participated in a 9-week RT program, being randomly divided into two conditions: resistance training with equalized total training volume (RTEV) and with unequalized total training volume (RTUV).

Imaging of Paget's Disease of Bone.

Paget's disease is a metabolic bone disorder affecting the elderly and characterized by bone resorption followed by compensatory bone formation. Radiography is the imaging modality of choice for the diagnosis whereas bone scintigraphy helps stage the extent of the disease and assess response to treatment. MRI and CT are important imaging methods in the assessment of complications and surgical planning.

Volume Load Rather Than Resting Interval Influences Muscle Hypertrophy During High-Intensity Resistance Training.

Longo, AR, Silva-Batista, C, Pedroso, K, de Salles Painelli, V, Lasevicius, T, Schoenfeld, BJ, Aihara, AY, de Almeida Peres, B, Tricoli, V, and Teixeira, EL. Volume load rather than resting interval influences muscle hypertrophy during high-intensity resistance training. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1554-1559, 2022-Interset rest interval has been proposed as an important variable for inducing muscle mass and strength increases during resistance training.

Imaging Review of Normal and Abnormal Skeletal Maturation.

The growing skeleton undergoes well-described and predictable normal developmental changes, which may be misinterpreted a as pathologic condition at imaging. Primary and secondary ossification centers (SOCs), which form the diaphysis and the epiphysis of long bones, respectively, are formed by endochondral and intramembranous ossification processes. During skeletal maturation, the SOCs may appear irregular and fragmented, which should not be confused with fractures, osteochondritis dissecans, and osteochondrosis.

Three-dimensional printing models increase inter-rater agreement for classification and treatment of proximal humerus fractures.

Background: Proximal humerus fractures (PHF) are frequent, however, several studies show low inter-rater agreement in the diagnosis and treatment of these injuries. Differences are usually related to the experience of the evaluators and/or the diagnostic methods used. This study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that shoulder surgeons and diagnostic imaging specialists using 3D printing models and shoulder CT scans in assessing proximal humerus fractures.

MR imaging of inherited myopathies: a review and proposal of imaging algorithms.

Purpose Of Review: The aims of this review are to discuss the imaging modalities used to assess muscle changes in myopathies, to provide an overview of the inherited myopathies focusing on their patterns of muscle involvement in magnetic resonance imaging (MR), and to propose up-to-date imaging-based diagnostic algorithms that can help in the diagnostic workup.

Conclusion: Familiarization with the most common and specific patterns of muscular involvement in inherited myopathies is very important for radiologists and neurologists, as imaging plays a significant role in diagnosis and follow-up of these patients.

Key Points: • Imaging is an increasingly important tool for diagnosis and follow-up in the setting of inherited myopathies.

Double-Blinded Randomized Study of the Correlation between Simple Radiography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of the Critical Shoulder Angle: Reproducibility and Learning Curve.

 To evaluate the feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to obtain the critical shoulder angle (CSA) comparing the results obtained through radiography and MRI, and assess the learning curves.  In total, 15 patients were evaluated in a blinded and randomized way. The CSA was measured and compared among groups and subgroups.

Differential Diagnosis of Facet Joint Disorders.

Spinal pain due to facet joint disease is difficult to diagnose since the clinical history and physical examination findings are usually nonspecific. Facet joint disorders have a wide range of causes and, because of the potential for chronic back pain and disability, an accurate diagnosis is essential. The most frequent cause of pain in facet joints is osteoarthritis, which can be assessed at radiography, CT, or MRI.

Perceptual and Neuromuscular Responses Adapt Similarly Between High-Load Resistance Training and Low-Load Resistance Training With Blood Flow Restriction.

Teixeira, EL, Painelli, VdS, Schoenfeld, BJ, Silva-Batista, C, Longo, AR, Aihara, AY, Cardoso, FN, Peres, BdA, and Tricoli, V. Perceptual and neuromuscular responses adapt similarly between high-load resistance training and low-load resistance training with blood flow restriction. J Strength Cond Res 36(9): 2410-2416, 2022-This study compared the effects of 8 weeks of low-load resistance training with blood flow restriction (LL-BFR) and high-load resistance training (HL-RT) on perceptual responses (rating of perceived exertion [RPE] and pain), quadriceps cross-sectional area (QCSA), and muscle strength (1 repetition maximum [RM]).

Three-dimensional models increase the interobserver agreement for the treatment of proximal humerus fractures.

Background: The agreement for the treatment of proximal humerus fractures is low. Interpretation of exams used for diagnosis can be directly associated with this limitation. This study proposes to compare the agreement between experts and residents in orthopedics for treatment indication of proximal humerus fractures, utilizing 3D-models, holography (augmented reality), x-rays, and tomography as diagnostic methods.

Pseudarthrosis in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with a self-locking, stand-alone cage filled with hydroxyapatite: a retrospective study with clinical and radiological outcomes of 98 levels with a minimum 2-year follow-up.

Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate the incidence of pseudarthrosis after the treatment of cervical degenerative disc disease (CDDD) with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in which self-locking, stand-alone intervertebral cages filled with hydroxyapatite were used.

Methods: The authors performed a retrospective cohort study of 49 patients who underwent 1- to 3-level ACDF with self-locking, stand-alone intervertebral cages without plates, with a minimum 2 years of follow-up. The following data were extracted from radiological and clinical charts: age, sex, time and type of pre- and postoperative signs and symptoms, pain status (visual analog scale [VAS]), functional status (Neck Disability Index [NDI]), history of smoking, bone quality (bone densitometry), and complications.

The development of the intercondylar notch in the pediatric population.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair is increasing in frequency in younger children. Recognition of the normal development of the intercondylar notch is important for successful ACL graft placement, allowing surgeons to better understand the anatomy and risk factors related to ACL tears and its reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to compile normative data on the intercondylar notch in the pediatric population with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), emphasizing the differences between males and females.