A tiny ornithodiran archosaur from the Triassic of Madagascar and the role of miniaturization in dinosaur and pterosaur ancestry.

Early members of the dinosaur-pterosaur clade Ornithodira are very rare in the fossil record, obscuring our understanding of the origins of this important group. Here, we describe an early ornithodiran ( gen. et sp.

Cranial endocast of a stem platyrrhine primate and ancestral brain conditions in anthropoids.

Understanding of ancestral conditions for anthropoids has been hampered by the paucity of well-preserved early fossils. Here, we provide an unprecedented view of the cerebral morphology of the 20-million-year-old , the best-preserved early diverging platyrrhine known, obtained via high-resolution CT scanning and 3D digital reconstruction. These analyses are crucial for reconstructing ancestral brain conditions in platyrrhines and anthropoids given the early diverging position of Although small, the brain of is not lissencephalic and presents at least seven pairs of sulci on its endocast.

[An Unusual Hemisphere Syndrome].

An Unusual Hemisphere Syndrome Abstract. A patient with known hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia presents with transient right arm weakness and dizziness. A transient ischemic attack is diagnosed on clinical and risk factors.

Conservative treatment of hepatic portal venous gas consecutive to a complicated diverticulitis: A case report and literature review.

Introduction And Presentation Of Case: Eight days after being diagnosed with multiple small strokes a 71year old male patient is readmitted with suspicion of a petit mal seizure also complained of diarrhoea and abdominal pain. The patient was stable, not febrile and neurologically intact with a slight tenderness in the left lower quadrant. An ultrasound revealed presence of air in the hepatic portal venous system and a suspicion for sigmoid diverticulitis.

Comparative study of notoungulate (Placentalia, Mammalia) bony labyrinths and new phylogenetically informative inner ear characters.

The phylogenetic relationships of notoungulates, an extinct group of predominantly South American herbivores, remain poorly resolved with respect to both other placental mammals and among one another. Most previous phylogenetic analyses of notoungulates have not included characters of the internal cranium, not least because few such features, including the bony labyrinth, have been described for members of the group. Here we describe the inner ears of the notoungulates Altitypotherium chucalensis (Mesotheriidae), Pachyrukhos moyani (Hegetotheriidae) and Cochilius sp.

The bony labyrinth of the early platyrrhine primate Chilecebus.

We document the morphology of the bony labyrinth of Chilecebus carrascoensis, one of the best preserved early platyrrhines known, based on high resolution CT scanning and 3D digital reconstruction. The cochlea is low and conical in form, as in other anthropoids, but has only 2.5 spiral turns.

Inner ear of a notoungulate placental mammal: anatomical description and examination of potentially phylogenetically informative characters.

We provide the first detailed description of the inner ear of a notoungulate, an extinct group of endemic South American placental mammals, based on a three-dimensional reconstruction extracted from CT imagery of a skull of Notostylops murinus. This description provides new anatomical data that should prove to be phylogenetically informative, an especially significant aspect of this research given that both the interrelationships of notoungulates and the position of Notoungulata within Placentalia are still unresolved. We also assess the locomotor agility of Notostylops based on measurements of the semicircular canals.

HIGHER-LEVEL RELATIONSHIPS OF THE RECENT EUTHERIAN ORDERS: MORPHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE.

Abstract- Diverse morphological evidence from both living and fossil taxa suggests several higher-level groupings of the Recent orders of eutherian mammals. The strongest hypotheses closely relate rodents and lagomorphs within Glires, proboscideans and sirenians within Tethytheria, hyracoids and tethytheres within Paenungulata, chiropterans and dermopterans, and pholidotans and edentates. Somewhat weaker evidence supports groupings of Glires with macroscelideans, primates and tree-shrews with bats and flying lemurs (Archonta), and all Eutheria excluding pangolins and edentates (Epitheria).