Base-excision repair pathway shapes 5-methylcytosine deamination signatures in pan-cancer genomes.

Transition of cytosine to thymine in CpG dinucleotides is the most frequent type of mutation in cancer. This increased mutability is commonly attributed to the spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine (5mC), which is normally repaired by the base-excision repair (BER) pathway. However, the contribution of 5mC deamination in the increasing diversity of cancer mutational signatures remains poorly explored.

CASZ1 upregulates PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling and promotes T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

CASZ1 is a conserved transcription factor involved in neural development, blood vessel assembly and heart morphogenesis. CASZ1 has been implicated in cancer, either suppressing or promoting tumor development depending on the tissue. However, the impact of CASZ1 on hematological tumors remains unknown.

Effects of air pollution exposure on inflammatory and endurance performance in recreationally trained cyclists adapted to traffic-related air pollution.

The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on markers of inflammatory, neuroplasticity, and endurance performance-related parameters in recreationally trained cyclists who were adapted to TRAP during a 50-km cycling time trial (50-km cycling TT). Ten male cyclists performed a 50-km cycling TT inside an environmental chamber located in downtown Sao Paulo (Brazil), under TRAP or filtered air conditions. Blood samples were obtained before and after the 50-km cycling TT to measure markers of inflammatory [interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-10 (IL-10), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)] and neuroplasticity [brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)].

PTH Spikes During Surgical Treatment for Secondary and Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background: The aim of the present study was to determine whether PTH spikes in renal hyperparathyroidism can interfere with the interpretation of intraoperative PTH monitoring and to determine its frequency and characteristics.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study of consecutive patients who underwent surgical treatment in a single tertiary institution. Patients were divided into two groups: spike and no spike.

MicroRNAs in Obesity-Associated Disorders: The Role of Exercise Training.

Obesity is a worldwide epidemic affecting over 13% of the adult population and is defined by an excess of body fat that predisposes comorbidities. It is considered a multifactorial disease in which environmental and genetic factors interact, and it is a risk marker for cardiovascular disease. Lifestyle modifications remain the mainstay of treatment for obesity based on adequate diet and physical exercise.

Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on MyomiRs Expression in Cachectic and Non-Cachectic Cancer Mice.

We investigated the effects of AET on myomiRs expression in the skeletal muscle and serum of colon cachectic (CT26) and breast non-cachectic (MMTV-PyMT) cancer mice models. Colon cancer decreased microRNA-486 expression, increasing PTEN in tibialis anterior muscle (TA), decreasing the PI3K/mTOR protein pathway, body and muscle wasting, fibers' cross-sectional area and muscle dysfunction, that were not preserved by AET. In contrast, breast cancer decreased those muscle functions, but were preserved by AET.

Traffic-related air pollution and endurance exercise: Characterizing non-targeted serum metabolomics profiling.

Although the exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) has emerged as one of main problem worldwide to inhabitants' health in urban centers, its impact on metabolic responses during exercise is poorly understood. The aim of study was to characterize the profile of non-target serum metabolomics during prolonged exercise performed under TRAP conditions. Ten healthy men completed two 90 min constant-load cycling trials under conditions of either TRAP or filtered air.

Delayed sampling of intraoperative parathormone may be unnecessary during parathyroidectomy in kidney-transplanted and dialysis patients.

Introduction: Some authors advise in favor of delayed sampling of intraoperative parathormone testing (ioPTH) during parathyroidectomy in dialysis and kidney-transplanted patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the intensity and the role of delayed sampling in the interpretation of ioPTH during parathyroidectomy in dialysis patients (2HPT) and successful kidney-transplanted patients (3HPT) compared to those in single parathyroid adenoma patients (1HPT).

Methods: This was a retrospective study of ioPTH profiles in patients with 1HPT, 2HPT, and 3HPT operated on in a single institution.

Critical analysis of the intraoperative parathyroid hormone decrease during parathyroidectomy for secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism.

Background: This study aims to determine whether intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring helps to predict early surgical outcomes in patients with renal hyperparathyroidism and evaluate the impact on decision making during surgery.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted. Serial samples of the intraoperative parathyroid hormone were collected; 2 of these were taken before the excision, and 2 were taken after the planned parathyroid resection (10 minutes and 15 minutes).

In vitro evaluation of apical microleakage in retrofillings with different resection angles.

Paraendodontic surgery is a procedure that aims to solve problems that could not be solved by, or when it is not possible to perform conventional endodontic treatment. The aim of this experimental study was to compare the apical microleakage of teeth sectioned at 45° or 90° to the long axis of the tooth and rootend filled with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) using stereomicroscopy. In this study, 26 maxillary central incisors were used.

Hypoglycemia symptoms and awareness of hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus: cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Portuguese version of three questionnaires and evaluation of its risk factors.

Background: To adapt and validate the Clarke and Gold questionnaires and the Edinburgh Hypoglycemia Symptom Scale (EHSS) to Brazilian Portuguese and to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods: The process of translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the questionnaires followed the recommendations of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR)-Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation. Patients with T1DM for a minimum of 12 months, aged 18 years or older, and with Brazilian nationality were selected to participate.

The analysis of green roof's runoff volumes and its water quality in an experimental study in Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil.

The green roofs are structures characterized by the application of vegetation cover in the buildings, using adequate waterproofing and drainage systems. It allows the reduction of surface runoff and delay in peak flow, contributing to the mitigation of flood events in urban areas. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of the use of vegetal coverings on the surface runoff, taking into account quantitative and qualitative aspects, using an experimental module installed in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Severe obstructive sleep apnea is associated with circulating microRNAs related to heart failure, myocardial ischemia, and cancer proliferation.

Purpose: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with multiple comorbid conditions including cardiovascular diseases and cancer. There is a growing interest in exploring biomarkers to understand the related mechanisms and improve the risk stratification of OSA. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are single noncoding strands of nearly 22 nucleotides that posttranscriptionally regulate target gene expression.

Correction to: H3.3 K27M depletion increases differentiation and extends latency of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma growth in vivo.

The original article can be found online.

H3.3 K27M depletion increases differentiation and extends latency of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma growth in vivo.

Histone H3 K27M mutation is the defining molecular feature of the devastating pediatric brain tumor, diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG). The prevalence of histone H3 K27M mutations indicates a critical role in DIPGs, but the contribution of the mutation to disease pathogenesis remains unclear. We show that knockdown of this mutation in DIPG xenografts restores K27M-dependent loss of H3K27me3 and delays tumor growth.

Histone H3.3 K27M Accelerates Spontaneous Brainstem Glioma and Drives Restricted Changes in Bivalent Gene Expression.

Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) are incurable childhood brainstem tumors with frequent histone H3 K27M mutations and recurrent alterations in PDGFRA and TP53. We generated genetically engineered inducible mice and showed that H3.3 K27M enhanced neural stem cell self-renewal while preserving regional identity.

Corrigendum to "Exercise Training Restores Cardiac MicroRNA-1 and MicroRNA-29c to Nonpathological Levels in Obese Rats".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2017/1549014.].

Exercise Training Restores the Cardiac Microrna-16 Levels Preventing Microvascular Rarefaction in Obese Zucker Rats.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise training (AET) on cardiac miRNA-16 levels and its target gene VEGF related to microvascular rarefaction in obese Zucker rats (OZR).

Methods: OZR (n = 11) and lean (L; n = 10) male rats were assigned into 4 groups: OZR, trained OZR (OZRT), L and trained L (LT). Swimming exercise training lasted 60 min, 1×/day/10 weeks, with 4% body weight workload.

Exercise Training Restores Cardiac MicroRNA-1 and MicroRNA-29c to Nonpathological Levels in Obese Rats.

We previously reported that aerobic exercise training (AET) consisted of 10 weeks of 60-min swimming sessions, and 5 days/week AET counteracts CH in obesity. Here, we evaluated the role of microRNAs and their target genes that are involved in heart collagen deposition and calcium signaling, as well as the cardiac remodeling induced by AET in obese Zucker rats. Among the four experimental Zucker groups: control lean rats (LZR), control obese rats (OZR), trained lean rats (LZR + TR), and trained obese rats (OZR + TR), heart weight was greater in the OZR than in the LZR group due to increased cardiac intramuscular fat and collagen.

Exercise Training and Epigenetic Regulation: Multilevel Modification and Regulation of Gene Expression.

Exercise training elicits acute and adaptive long term changes in human physiology that mediate the improvement of performance and health state. The responses are integrative and orchestrated by several mechanisms, as gene expression. Gene expression is essential to construct the adaptation of the biological system to exercise training, since there are molecular processes mediating oxidative and non-oxidative metabolism, angiogenesis, cardiac and skeletal myofiber hypertrophy, and other processes that leads to a greater physiological status.

Adding palm oil to the diet of sheep alters fatty acids profile on yogurt: Benefits to consumers.

The aim of this study was to modify the fatty acid profile of yogurt from sheep milk by the inclusion of different concentrations of palm oil into their diet. Thus, thirty-six sheep during lactation were separated in four groups with nine animals each, as described below: the group T0 (0%); the group T2 (inclusion of 2% of palm oil); the group T4 (inclusion of 4% of palm oil) and the group T6 (inclusion of 6% of palm oil). After 60 days of the supplementation, milk samples were collected and yogurt was produced, which was evaluated regarding the concentration of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PFA).

Early postoperative parathormone sampling and prognosis after total parathyroidectomy in secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Introduction: There is possibility of a supernumerary hyperplastic parathyroid gland in dialysis patients after total parathyroidectomy and autograft in dialysis patients.

Objective: To test if the early postoperative measure of parathyroid hormone (PTH) can identify persistent hyperparathyroidism.

Methods: A prospective cohort of dialysis patients submitted to parathyroidectomy had PTH measured up to one week after operation.

Obesity Downregulates MicroRNA-126 Inducing Capillary Rarefaction in Skeletal Muscle: Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training.

We investigated the effects of exercise training (ET) on miR-126 levels and skeletal muscle angiogenesis in obese Zucker rats. Zucker rats were randomly assigned to sedentary and swimming-trained groups: lean sedentary (LS) and trained (LTR); obese sedentary (OB) and trained (OBTR). The OB group displayed capillary rarefaction compared with the LS group.