Limited interaction of a self-adhesive flowable composite with dentin/enamel characterized by TEM.

Objectives: A new category of composite which does not require any acid etching or bonding protocol prior to application has been introduced. The purpose of this study was to characterize the interfacial ultra-structure at enamel and dentin surfaces by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Methods: Non-carious human third molars were randomly divided into 6 groups (bur-cut dentin, SiC-ground dentin, fractured dentin, bur-cut enamel, SiC-ground enamel, and un-cut enamel).

Interfacial fracture toughness of aged adhesive-dentin interfaces.

Objective: To assess interfacial fracture toughness of different adhesive approaches and compare to a standard micro-tensile bond-strength (μTBS) test after 6 months water storage.

Methods: Chevron-notched beam fracture toughness (CNB) was determined using a modified ISO 24370:2005 standard. Adhesive-dentin micro-specimens (1.

Dentin-smear remains at self-etch adhesive interface.

Objective: The bonding potential of 'mild' self-etch adhesives may be compromised due to smear interference, as they may not dissolve/penetrate the smear layer effectively due to their relatively low acidity. We observed that the thickness of the dentin smear layer differed depending on the surface-preparation methodology used.

Methods: The interaction of an (ultra-)mild self-etch adhesive (Clearfil S3 Bond, Kuraray Noritake) with human dentin, prepared either using a medium-grit diamond bur ('thick', clinically relevant smear layer) or 600-grit SiC-paper ('thin' smear layer), or just fractured (smear-free), was evaluated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Effect of standard and neutral-pH peritoneal dialysis solutions upon fibroblasts proliferation.

Introduction: Continuous exposition of the peritoneal membrane to conventional dialysis solutions is an important risk factor for inducing structural and functional alterations.

Objective: To compare in vitro mouse fibroblast NIH-3T3 cell viability after exposition to a neutral pH dialysis solution in comparison to cells exposed to a standard solution.

Methods: Experimental study to compare the effects of a conventional standard or a neutral-pH, low-glucose degradation products peritoneal dialysis solution on the viability of exposed fibroblasts in cell culture.

Bonding effectiveness to different chemically pre-treated dental zirconia.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different chemical pre-treatments on the bond durability to dental zirconia.

Methods: Fully sintered IPS e.max ZirCAD (Ivoclar Vivadent) blocks were subjected to tribochemical silica sandblasting (CoJet, 3M ESPE).

Potential smear layer interference with bonding of self-etching adhesives to dentin.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of smear-layer interposition on the bonding effectiveness of self-etching adhesives with different etching potential.

Materials And Methods: Bur-cut dentin specimens were obtained from 25 human molars after preparation of the dentin surface with a medium-grit diamond bur (bur-cut). An additional 25 molars were fractured at the midcoronal dentin to create a smear-layer-free surface (smear-free dentin).

Fracture toughness versus micro-tensile bond strength testing of adhesive-dentin interfaces.

Objective: To assess interfacial fracture toughness of different adhesive approaches and compare to a standard micro-tensile bond-strength (μTBS) test.

Methods: Chevron-notched beam fracture toughness (CNB) was measured following a modified ISO 24370 standard. Composite bars with dimensions of 3.

Bulk-filling of high C-factor posterior cavities: effect on adhesion to cavity-bottom dentin.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of bulk-filling high C-factor posterior cavities on adhesion to cavity-bottom dentin.

Methods: A universal flowable composite (G-ænial Universal Flo, GC), a bulk-fill flowable base composite (SDR Posterior Bulk Fill Flowable Base, Dentsply) and a conventional paste-like composite (Z100, 3M ESPE) were bonded (G-ænial Bond, GC) into standardized cavities with different cavity configurations (C-factors), namely C=3.86 (Class-I cavity of 2.

Hydrolytic stability of three-step etch-and-rinse adhesives in occlusal class-I cavities.

Objectives: A dental adhesive without small and hydrophilic monomers such as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) would be beneficial in order to avoid contact allergies. However, these monomers are important to increase infiltration and polymerization of the adhesive. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the bonding effectiveness and bond durability of a more hydrophobic and biocompatible adhesive as compared to a conventional three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive.

Bonding effectiveness of self-adhesive composites to dentin and enamel.

Unlabelled: Self-adhesive composites (SACs) are claimed to bond to tooth substrate without a separate adhesive. Bonding effectiveness data are however still limited.

Objectives: In SubProject 1, the hypothesis was tested that the micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) to dentin of two flowable SACs was alike that of a one-step self-etch adhesive (1-SEa) combined with a flowable composite (flowC).

Effect of low-shrinking composite on the bonding effectiveness of two adhesives in occlusal Class-I cavities.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate if a low-shrinking composite can improve the bonding effectiveness of adhesives in highly constrained conditions. A low-shrinking composite ('els-extra low shrinkage', Saremco) was bonded in standardized occlusal Class-I cavities using a three-step ('cmf', Saremco) and a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive ('XP Bond', Dentsply). Both adhesives were also combined with a conventional composite ('Z100', 3M ESPE).

Effect of dentin location and long-term water storage on bonding effectiveness of dentin adhesives.

Dentin is a variable substrate with properties that change considerable in a single surface. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bonding effectiveness to these different dentin locations and evaluate these differences over time. After bonding procedures with five different adhesives, small micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) beams were prepared and dichotomously divided in 'center' and 'periphery' dentin specimens.

A 13-year clinical evaluation of two three-step etch-and-rinse adhesives in non-carious class-V lesions.

This 13-year randomized clinical trial compared the clinical effectiveness of two three-step etch-and-rinse adhesives in combination with a hybrid, stiffer composite versus a micro-filled, more flexible composite. The influence of composite stiffness on the clinical performance of one of the adhesives was assessed as well. One hundred and forty-two non-carious cervical lesions were restored with composites with contrasting stiffness.

Enzymatic degradation of adhesive-dentin interfaces produced by mild self-etch adhesives.

Endogenous matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) released by adhesive procedures may degrade collagen in the hybrid layer and so compromise the bonding effectiveness of etch-and-rinse adhesives. In this study, endogenous enzymatic degradation was evaluated for several simplified self-etch adhesives. In addition, primers were modified by adding two MMP inhibitors: chlorhexidine, a commonly used disinfectant, but also a non-specific MMP inhibitor; and SB-3CT, a specific inhibitor of MMP-2 and MMP-9.

Dynamic versus static bond-strength testing of adhesive interfaces.

Unlabelled: A static bond-strength test is often regarded as clinically less relevant, since such abrupt loading of the adhesive-tooth bond clinically never occurs. Therefore, dynamic fatigue testing is often claimed to better predict the clinical effectiveness of adhesives.

Objectives: To measure the micro-tensile fatigue resistance (μTFR) of adhesives bonded to dentin, and to compare their μTFR to their micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS).

Two-year clinical evaluation of a self-adhesive luting agent for ceramic inlays.

Purpose: The aim of this prospective randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the 2-year clinical performance of a self-adhesive resin cement, RelyX Unicem (3M ESPE), used for cementation of ceramic inlays. In addition, the influence of selectively acid etching enamel prior to luting on marginal integrity, inlay integrity, tooth integrity, sensitivity, and complications of the restored teeth was assessed. The hypothesis tested was that there was no significant difference in these criteria between restorations with (Etch) or without prior enamel acid etching (Non-etch).

Bonding effectiveness of two contemporary self-etch adhesives to enamel and dentin.

Objectives: Among contemporary adhesives, self-etch adhesives have been adopted by general practitioners for routine adhesive restorative purposes, mainly because of their ease of use. However, many versions that differ for their clinical application procedure, pH, number of components, etc., are currently available on the market.

Bonding effectiveness and interfacial characterization of a HEMA/TEGDMA-free three-step etch&rinse adhesive.

Objectives: Small and hydrophilic monomers as HEMA and TEGDMA can easily penetrate human tissues. For biocompatibility issues it is therefore better to avoid such monomers in dental adhesive formulations. The purpose of this study was (1) to determine the micro-tensile bond strength (muTBS) to enamel/dentin of a HEMA/TEGDMA-free three-step etch&rinse adhesive (cmf Adhesive System, Saremco), and (2) to characterize it's interfacial interaction with enamel/dentin using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Influence of joint component mechanical properties and adhesive layer thickness on stress distribution in micro-tensile bond strength specimens.

Objectives: Differences in mechanical properties between adherents and adhesive result in stress singularity at the free edge for tensile test specimens. Beyond causing premature failures, these also trigger fracture initiation at the bond edge, where the use of the maximum stress at failure as a measure of strength is not a reliable parameter for obtaining bond strength. The aim of this study is to describe the pattern of stress concentration along the interface for micro-tensile bond strength (microTBS) specimens.

Influence of Er,Cr:YSGG laser treatment on the microtensile bond strength of adhesives to dentin.

Purpose: In light of the concept of minimally invasive dentistry, erbium lasers have been considered as an alternative technique to the use of diamond burs for cavity preparation. The purpose of this study was to assess the bonding effectiveness of adhesives to Er,Cr:YSGG laser-irradiated dentin using irradiation settings specific for cavity preparation.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-four midcoronal dentin surfaces, obtained from sound human molars, were irradiated with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser or prepared with a diamond bur using a high-speed turbine.

Critical analysis of the influence of different parameters on the microtensile bond strength of adhesives to dentin.

Purpose: To evaluate how six different test parameters (TP) of the microtensile bond strength (microTBS) methodology influence the test outcome.

Materials And Methods: The microtensile bond strength of adhesives bonded to dentin was measured, and the resultant failure patterns and stress-time graphs were analyzed, varying the microTBS specimen-fixation mode (TP1), the microspecimen geometry (TP2), the microspecimen bond surface area (TP3), the remaining dentin thickness of the microspecimens (TP4), the procedure employed to glue the microspecimen to the microTBS jig (TP5), and the microTBS crosshead speed (TP6).

Results: The orientation of the microspecimens to the actual interface primarily influenced the resultant microTBS value and the eventual failure pattern.

Influence of three specimen fixation modes on the micro-tensile bond strength of adhesives to dentin.

The aim of this study was to investigate in how far the way the specimen is fixed to the testing device influences the micro-tensile bond strength of adhesives to dentin. Compared to a flat jig, a notched jig enables the specimen to be aligned easier and more accurately perpendicular to the interface, thereby concentrating better the tensile stress at the actual interface. A notched jig yielded a significantly higher bond strength and the graphs showed more uniform fracture curves.

Bond strength of self-etch adhesives to dentin prepared with three different diamond burs.

Objectives: To evaluate the micro-tensile bond strength (mu TBS) of a control etch-and-rinse and three self-etch (strong, mild, ultra-mild) adhesive systems to dentin prepared with three different grit size of diamond burs.

Methods: Dentin surfaces were created from mid-coronal sound dentin in extracted, human third molars. The teeth were ground with high-speed medium grit (100 microm), fine grit (30 microm), or extra-fine grit (15 microm) diamond bur.

Bonding effectiveness and sealing ability of fiber-post bonding.

Objectives: To evaluate the push-out bond strength and the sealing ability of five adhesive cements routinely used for fiber-post bonding.

Methods: Fifty extracted single-rooted teeth were randomly divided in five groups and restored using Parapost FiberLux and the following luting agents: Panavia 21 (PAN), Clearfil Esthetic Cement (CLF), Variolink II (VAR), RelyX Unicem (UNI) and experimental GC self-adhesive cement (EGC). After 1 week of water storage at 37 degrees C, three sections (coronal, middle and apical) of 2mm thickness were prepared from each specimen.

Microrotary fatigue resistance of a HEMA-free all-in-one adhesive bonded to dentin.

Purpose: To determine the effect of thorough air drying on the static and dynamic bonding effectiveness of a HEMA-free all-in-one adhesive bonded to Class-1 cavity-bottom dentin.

Materials And Methods: G-Bond (GC, Japan) was applied to standard occlusal Class I cavities following either a gentle (1 bar) or strong (4 bar) air-drying technique. After restoring the cavity using a composite resin (Gradia Anterior, GC), microspecimens were prepared that were loaded until failure or inserted in a microrotary fatigue testing device.