Minimum anesthetic concentration of isoflurane and sevoflurane and cardiorespiratory effects of varying inspired oxygen fractions in Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus).

The aim of this study was to determine the minimum anesthetic concentration of isoflurane (MAC) and sevoflurane (MAC) and evaluate the cardiorespiratory changes induced by varying fractions of inspired oxygen (FiO) in Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus). Twenty adult penguins (3.53 ± 0.

Thoracolumbar epidural anaesthesia with 0.5% bupivacaine with or without methadone in goats.

Background: Epidural anaesthesia is one of the most commonly used locoregional techniques in ruminants. The lumbosacral epidural technique is reasonably easy to perform and requires low volumes of local anaesthetic drug to allow procedures caudal to the umbilicus. However, surgical procedures in the flank of the animal would require an increased volume of drugs.