Xanthine oxidase inhibitors for prevention of cardiovascular events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOI), classified as purine-like (allopurinol and oxypurinol) and non-purine (febuxostat and topiroxostat) XOI, present antioxidant properties by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species derived from purine metabolism. Oxidative stress is an important factor related to endothelial dysfunction and ischemia-reperfusion injury, and may be implicated in the pathogenesis of heart failure, hypertension, and ischemic heart disease. However, there is contradictory evidence regarding the possible cardiovascular (CV) protective effect exerted by XOI.

Latent tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis in patients with rheumatic diseases treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor agents.

The introduction of biological agents, especially the tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (anti-TNF), for the treatment of rheumatic diseases increased the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB). Screening for latent TB infection (LTBI) is strongly recommended before starting therapy with anti-TNF agents. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of LTBI and TB among patients with rheumatic diseases on anti-TNF agents.

Effect of different vasodilators on NTPDase activity in healthy and hypertensive patients.

Introduction: The thrombogenic process that affects the hypertensive patient is associated with regulatory mechanisms present in the vascular endothelium. These mechanisms involve release of an endothelium-derived relaxing factor, ectonucleotidase activity and calcium ion concentration.

Methods: Interference with ENTPDase activity in platelets of hypertensive patients and healthy donors was evaluated for arginine, sodium nitroprusside, and hydralazine.

Previous treatment with ebselen and vitamin E alters adenine nucleotide hydrolysis in platelets from adult rats experimentally demyelinated with ethidium bromide.

Many aspects of the relationship between the demyelinating pathology and platelet function need to be elucidated. Thus, the activity of NTPDase and 5'-nucleotidase enzymes was analyzed in platelets from rats demyelinated with ethidium bromide (EB) and previously treated with ebselen (Ebs) and vitamin E (Vit. E).

Oxidative stress and delta-ALA-D activity in chronic renal failure patients.

In this paper, we studied the influence of uremia and hemodialysis on oxidative parameters and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (delta-ALA-D) activity in control subjects, patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) on hemodialysis treatment (HD) and in patients not undergoing hemodialysis (ND). An increased lipid peroxidation was observed in the serum of HD and ND patients, as measured by the MDA serum levels. However, the level of MDA from erythrocytes was only elevated in HD patients.

Malathion, carbofuran and paraquat inhibit Bungarus sindanus (krait) venom acetylcholinesterase and human serum butyrylcholinesterase in vitro.

Carbofuran and malathion, well known pesticides, and paraquat, a world widely used herbicide, were tested on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from Bungarus sindanus venom and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) from human serum. The calculated IC(50 )values for inhibition of venom enzyme by malathion, carbofuran and paraquat were 2.5, 0.

Activities of enzymes that hydrolyze adenine nucleotides in platelets from rats experimentally demyelinated with ethidium bromide and treated with interferon-beta.

The activities of the enzymes NTPDase (EC 3.6.1.

Enhanced NTPDase and 5'-nucleotidase activities in diabetes mellitus and iron-overload model.

The activity of the enzymes NTPDase and 5'-nucleotidase was studied in both diabetes mellitus and an associated model of iron-overload. Rats were divided in five groups: citrate (CC), saline (S), diabetic (D), iron-overload (IO), and diabetic iron-overload (DIO). Diabetes was induced with alloxan (150 mg/kg), and iron-overload was induced with iron-dextran (10 intramuscular applications of +/-80 mg/kg).

Inhibition of two different cholinesterases by tacrine.

Kinetic parameters of the effect of tacrine as a cholinesterase inhibitor have been studied in two different sources: snake venom (Bungarus sindanus) acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and human serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Tacrine inhibited both venom acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as well as human serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in a concentration-dependent manner. Kinetic studies indicated that the nature of inhibition was mixed for both enzymes, i.

Enzymes that hydrolyze adenine nucleotides in chronic renal failure: relationship between hemostatic defects and renal failure severity.

The activities of the enzymes NTPDase (E.C.3.

Enzymes that hydrolyze adenine nucleotides in platelets from breast cancer patients.

The activities of NTPDase (EC 3.6.1.

NTPDase and 5'-nucleotidase activities in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes.

Diabetes is associated with a hypercoagulable state. In this study, we investigated the potential effects of alloxan-induced diabetes on the activities of the enzymes NTPDase (E.C.

Enzymes that hydrolyze adenine nucleotides in diabetes and associated pathologies.

The activities of the enzymes NTPDase (E.C. 3.

In vitro effects of L-arginine and guanidino compounds on NTPDase1 and 5'-nucleotidase activities from rat brain synaptosomes.

Tissue accumulation of arginine (Arg), N-acetylarginine (NA), argininic acid (AA) and homoarginine (HA) occurs in hyperargininemia, an inborn error of the urea cycle. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro effects of Arg, NA, AA and HA on NTPDase1 and 5'-nucleotidase activities from synaptosomal cerebral cortex of rats. The results showed that Arg enhances NTPDase1 activity at the high concentrations tested (1.