Prevented cases of neural tube defects and cost savings after folic acid fortification of flour in Brazil.

Anencephaly, encephalocele, and spina bifida are congenital neural tube defects and are the main causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality and impose a heavy economic burden on health systems. This study to estimates the direct costs of neural tube defects from the perspective of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, and the prevented cases and cost savings during the period in which mandatory folic acid fortification was in effect in the country (2010-2019). It is a top-down cost-of-illness oriented study based on the prevalence of the disorders in Brazil.

Potential of water lettuce ( L.) for phytoremediation: physiological responses and kinetics of zinc uptake.

Two greenhouse experiments were carried out to evaluate the phytoremediation potential, physiological responses and zinc (Zn) uptake kinetics of water lettuce ( L.). The phytoextraction experiment evaluated four doses of Zn (0.