Tuberculous ventriculitis as a devastating neurological manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: A case report in immunocompetent patient.

Introduction And Importance: Tubercular Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) is defined as the worsening of existing disease or new tuberculosis lesions during anti-tuberculosis therapy after excluding drug resistance, adherence issues, secondary infection, and malignancy. Ventriculitis is a rare and detrimental complication of cerebral tuberculosis. Here, we report a case of ventriculitis as a manifestation of TB-IRIS.

Delayed Pontomesencephalic and Cervical Cord Venous Drainage Followed by Contralateral Carotid-Cavernous Fistula after Craniofacial Fractures: A Case Report.

A 24-year-old male was admitted with progressive cervical hypesthesia, tetraparesis, dyspnea, and a history of craniofacial fracture. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed brainstem edema extending to the thoracic spine with multiple prominent perimedullary vascular structures. Cerebral digital-substraction angiography revealed Barrow type A carotid-cavernous fistula.

Unlocking the Diagnostic Potential: A Systematic Review of Biomarkers in Spinal Tuberculosis.

: Spinal tuberculosis (STB) is frequently misdiagnosed due to the multitude of symptoms it presents with. This review aimed to investigate the biomarkers that have the potential to accurately diagnose spinal TB in its early stages. : A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases, yielding a diverse range of biomarkers categorized into complete blood count parameters, host inflammatory responses, bacterial antigens, and RNA-based markers.

Relevance of Mediterranean diet as a nutritional strategy in diminishing COVID-19 risk: A systematic review.

Background: Mediterranean Diet has been reported to possess immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. These properties are closely associated with the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19.

Objective: The present systematic review aimed to determine the association between Mediterranean Diet and COVID-19, COVID-19 symptoms, and COVID-19 severity.

Chemical Composition and Neuroprotective Properties of Indonesian Stingless Bee () Propolis Extract in an In-Vivo Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH).

Stroke is the world's second-leading cause of death. Current treatments for cerebral edema following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) mainly involve hyperosmolar fluids, but this approach is often inadequate. Propolis, known for its various beneficial properties, especially antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, could potentially act as an adjunctive therapy and help alleviate stroke-associated injuries.

Managing the "big black brain" in low resource setting: A case report of early outcome after hinge craniotomy.

Background: The big black brain (BBB) phenomenon is described as an infant's response to an acute subdural hematoma (SDH). It is characterized by hypodensity and swelling of the supratentorial compartment as a whole. Numerous factors may contribute to the formation of the BBB.

Childhood borderline lepromatous leprosy: a case report.

Background: Leprosy in children is a strong indicator of the recent failure of leprosy control and disease transmission programs. For twenty-two years, leprosy has been declared `eliminated as a public health hazard,` yet new cases continue to emerge in endemic areas. The new case detection rate among the child population was recorded at 4.

Middle meningeal artery embolization and pediatric chronic subdural hematoma: a systematic review of the literature.

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a disease commonly found in the elderly and not a typical finding in pediatric population. History of shunt surgery, child abuse, and blood disorder are some of the common causes of pediatric CSDH (pCSDH). There is growing evidence about the role of middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) to manage CSDH in the elderly population with a high risk of rebleeding.

Comparison of direct cortical stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation in brain tumor surgery: systematic review and meta analyses.

Introduction: Brain malignancy and, at the same time central nervous system malignancy are two of the most difficult problems in the oncology field of practice. Brain tumors located near or within eloquent areas may represent another challenge toward neurosurgeon treatment. As such, electrical stimulation, either directly or through other methods, may prove necessary as proper mapping of the eloquent area thus may create a proper resection guide.

Correlation Between the Grade of Hydronephrosis with Surgical Outcomes After Ultrasound-guided Supine Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Objective: The preferred therapy for staghorn stones and large kidney stones is percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Ultrasound-guided PCNL has definite advantages over fluoroscopy-guided PCNL. Preoperative characteristics are essential to assess better surgical outcomes.

The neuroprotective effect of statin in traumatic brain injury: A systematic review.

Despite recent encouraging pharmaceutical and technical breakthroughs in neurosurgical critical care, traumatic brain injury (TBI)-related mortality and morbidity remain substantial clinical issues. Medication of statins was revealed to enhance outcomes following TBI in animal research. In addition to their main role of decreasing serum cholesterol, statins decrease inflammation and enhance cerebral blood flow.

Phenomenon of Hematocephalus: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature.

The phenomenon of hematocephalus is still not fully understood. Intraventricular hemorrhage volume and intracranial pressure play a substantial role in the outcome and survival of the patients. The intraventricular hemorrhage resulting in an increased intracranial pressure is known by the term "hematocephalus.

Delayed progressive intracranial bleeding in pediatric acute epidural hemorrhage treated expectantly.

Introduction And Importance: Progressive epidural hematoma (PEDH) after traumatic brain injury is usually found in the first 24 h after accident. However, EDH enlargement on day six after admission is rarely observed.

Presentation Of Case: We present the case of a 14-year-old boy who presented to the emergency room after a car accident with only a headache without any neurological deficit.

A Critical Analysis of Intracranial Hemorrhage as a Fatal Complication of Dengue Fever.

Dengue fever is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne virus in the world, infecting about 100 million individuals. A rare but possibly dangerous consequence of dengue illness is intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Currently, the pathogenesis of ICH is unknown.

Long-term neurological cognitive, behavioral, functional, and quality of life outcomes after fetal myelomeningocele closure: a systematic review.

Background: Myelomeningocele is a lifelong condition that features several comorbidities, such as hydrocephalus, scoliosis, club foot, and lower limb sensory and motor disabilities. Its management has progressed over time, ranging from supportive care to early postnatal closure to prenatal closure of the defect. Recent research discovered that fetal myelomeningocele closure (fMMC) provided superior neurological outcomes to those of postnatal closure.

Case report: Implantation metastasis following stereotactic biopsy of pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation in an adult patient: An exceptionally rare complication.

Implantation metastasis following stereotactic biopsy in the brain had been reported as a rare complication. A 36-years-old female patient was treated with ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt and stereotactic biopsy of a pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation (PPTID) with hydrocephalus. The patient underwent five cycles of radiotherapy on the pineal area.

Spontaneous epidural hematoma induced by rivaroxaban: A case report and review of the literature.

Background: Trauma is the most frequent reason for epidural bleeding. However, numerous investigation had discovered that anticoagulants such as rivaroxaban could cause epidural hematoma. Here, we present a case of epidural hematoma in young man who got rivaroxaban as treatment of deep vein thrombosis.

Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity syndrome in tuberculous meningitis with paradoxical reaction.

Introduction And Importance: Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity syndrome is frequently reported in traumatic brain injury. However, it may occur in non-traumatic brain injury, such as tuberculous meningitis with hydrocephalus.

Case Presentation: We reported a 38-year-old male who presented with acute decrease of consciousness and hemiparesis that was developed during antitubercular drugs therapy.

Spontaneous acute subdural hematoma in dengue fever: Case report and review of the literature.

Introduction And Importance: A very uncommon dengue fever consequence is subdural hematoma. IgG positivity, increased AST, and ALT levels may all be risk factors for bleeding in dengue fever patients.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a 65-year-old man who presented with dengue fever symptoms and developed altered consciousness and focal neurological deficits.

Turmeric Extract Supplementation Reduces Tau Protein Level in Repetitive Traumatic Brain Injury Model.

Background: Repetitive traumatic brain injury (RTBI) has gained much attention in this decade, especially in contact sports athletes and military personals. This injury is correlated with early neurodegenerative changes that are marked with the increased of tau protein. Turmeric extract (TE) is a well-known anti-inflammation and antioxidant that decreases tau protein expression in neurodegenerative disease.