The metabolic response of embryogenic cells to heat stress is associated with their maturation potential.

Araucaria angustifolia is a critically endangered species and its distribution can be affected by an increase in temperature. In this study, we evaluated the effects of heat stress (30°C) on Araucaria angustifolia cell lines responsive (SE1) and non-responsive (SE6) to the development of somatic embryos. The viability of both cell lines was reduced by heat stress and mitochondria were the organelles most affected.

Proteomic Analysis of -Nitrosation Sites During Somatic Embryogenesis in Brazilian Pine, (Bertol.) Kuntze.

Cysteine -nitrosation is a redox-based post-translational modification that mediates nitric oxide (NO) regulation of various aspects of plant growth, development and stress responses. Despite its importance, studies exploring protein signaling pathways that are regulated by -nitrosation during somatic embryogenesis have not been performed. In the present study, endogenous cysteine -nitrosation site and -nitrosated proteins were identified by iodo-TMT labeling during somatic embryogenesis in Brazilian pine, an endangered native conifer of South America.

Plant Proteomics and Systems Biology.

Proteome analysis of model and non-model plants is a genuine scientific field in expansion. Several technological advances have contributed to the implementation of different proteomics approaches for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the dynamics of cellular responses at the protein level. The design of time-resolved experiments and the emergent use of multiplexed proteome analysis using chemical or isotopic and isobaric labeling strategies as well as label-free approaches are generating a vast amount of proteomics data that is going to be essential for analysis of protein posttranslational modifications and implementation of systems biology approaches.

Proteomics as a Tool to Study Molecular Changes During Plant Morphogenesis In Vitro.

Proteome analysis represents a promising approach for plant tissue culture since it is now possible to identify and quantify proteins on a large scale. Biomarker discovery and the study of the molecular events associated with in vitro plant morphogenesis are considered potential targets for application of proteomics technologies. This chapter describes a protocol for application in in vitro plant material using two proteomics approaches: 2-DE coupled to mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-linked tandem mass spectrometry.

Polyamine- and Amino Acid-Related Metabolism: The Roles of Arginine and Ornithine are Associated with the Embryogenic Potential.

The mechanisms that control polyamine (PA) metabolism in plant cell lines with different embryogenic potential are not well understood. This study involved the use of two Araucaria angustifolia cell lines, one of which was defined as being blocked, in that the cells were incapable of developing somatic embryos, and the other as being responsive, as the cells could generate somatic embryos. Cellular PA metabolism was modulated by using 5 mM arginine (Arg) or ornithine (Orn) at two time points during cell growth.

Quantitative proteomic analysis of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze cell lines with contrasting embryogenic potential.

GeLC–MS/MS based label free proteomic profiling was used in the large scale identification and quantification of proteins from Brazilian pine (Araucaria angustifolia) embryogenic cell (EC) lines that showed different propensities to form somatic embryos. Using a predicted protein sequence database that was derived from A. angustifolia RNA-Seq data, 2398 non-redundant proteins were identified.

Glutathione improves early somatic embryogenesis in Araucaria angustifolia (Bert) O. Kuntze by alteration in nitric oxide emission.

In this work, it was observed a straight relationship between the manipulation of the reduced glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio, nitric oxide emission and quality and number of early somatic embryos in Araucaria angustifolia, a Brazilian endangered native conifer. In low concentrations GSH (0.01 and 0.

Cloning and expression of embryogenesis-regulating genes in Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze (Brazilian Pine).

Angiosperm and gymnosperm plants evolved from a common ancestor about 300 million years ago. Apart from morphological and structural differences in embryogenesis and seed origin, a set of embryogenesis-regulating genes and the molecular mechanisms involved in embryo development seem to have been conserved alike in both taxa. Few studies have covered molecular aspects of embryogenesis in the Brazilian pine, the only economically important native conifer in Brazil.

Partially acetylated chitosan oligo- and polymers induce an oxidative burst in suspension cultured cells of the gymnosperm Araucaria angustifolia.

Suspension-cultured cells were used to analyze the activation of defense responses in the conifer A. angustifolia , using as an elicitor purified chitosan polymers of different degrees of acetylation (DA 1-69%), chitin oligomers of different degrees of polymerization (DP 3-6), and chitosan oligomer of different DA (0-91%). Suspension cultured cells elicited with chitosan polymers reacted with a rapid and transient generation of H2O2, with chitosans of high DA (60 and 69%) being the most active ones.