Task force of the Brazilian Society of Otology - evaluation and management of peripheral facial palsy.

Objective: To review key evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral facial palsy in children and adults.

Methods: Task force members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database search, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Articles written in English or Portuguese on peripheral facial palsy were eligible for inclusion.

Brazilian Society of Otology task force - Vestibular Schwannoma ‒ evaluation and treatment.

Objective: To review the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of vestibular schwannoma.

Methods: Task force members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database search, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Articles written in English or Portuguese on vestibular schwannoma were eligible for inclusion.

Changes in the communicative skills of young people as a result of a communication training.

Purpose: To analyze the effect of communication training developed for adolescents on the youth's communication skills.

Methods: Forty-one young people participated in the study and were divided into two groups. Group I received intervention - communication training for five weeks; Group II - were guided on the importance of voice for communication.

Brazilian Society of Otology task force - Otosclerosis: evaluation and treatment.

Objectives: To review and provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of otosclerosis.

Methods: Task force members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database search, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Articles written in English or Portuguese on otosclerosis were eligible for inclusion.

Effect of melatonin on otoprotection in rodents: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Objectives: To determinate the otoprotective efficacy of melatonin.in experimental models of rodents through a systematic review of the literature.

Methods: Altogether, 154 articles were found in four databases.

Task force Guideline of Brazilian Society of Otology ‒ hearing loss in children - Part I ‒ Evaluation.

Objectives: To provide an overview of the main evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of hearing loss in children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 years.

Methods: Task force members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database search, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Articles written in English or Portuguese on childhood hearing loss were eligible for inclusion.

Task force Guideline of Brazilian Society of Otology - hearing loss in children - Part II - Treatment.

Objectives: To provide an overview of the main evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of hearing loss in children and adolescents aged 0-18 years.

Methods: Task force members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database search, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Articles written in English or Portuguese on childhood hearing loss were eligible for inclusion.

Ten Years Follow Up of Patients with Tinnitus and Normal Hearing.

Objective: To describe the natural history of tinnitus in normal hearing patients.

Study Design: This is a prospective longitudinal observational study.

Setting: Tertiary University Hospital.

Melatonin prevents age-related hearing loss in the murin experimental model.

Objective: The present study aimed to perform a morphological and morphometric analysis of cochlear structures of C57BL/6J mice receiving oral melatonin for a 12-month period.

Methods: 32 male C57BL/6J were divided into control and melatonin groups. Control received saline and ethanol solution and melatonin group, 50 μL of 10 mg of melatonin/kg/day orally for a 12-month period.

Alterations in innate immune responses of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis related to cystic fibrosis.

The role of phagocytes of children with cystic fibrosis (CF) associated with different phenotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phagocytic capacity of blood neutrophils and monocytes and production of superoxide anion by phagocytes in patients with CF with or without chronic rhinosinusitis and with or without nasal polyps (NP). This cross-sectional study was established in 2015-2017 in a tertiary reference center to the CF treatment, Brasilia, Brazil.

Etiopathogenic features of severe epistaxis in histological samples from individuals with or without arterial hypertension.

There is a consensus that arterial hypertension (AH) is associated with stroke. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the histology of the microvasculature associated with the mucosa of the posterior nasal cavity to identify possible factors related to vascular weakening and rupture. Histological sections were obtained from hypertensive and normotensive individuals, regardless of epistaxis.

Dysphonia Interference in Schoolteachers' Speech Intelligibility in the Classroom.

Unlabelled: "Among the most common occupations, schooteachers are the ones who experience the most changes throughout their career. Considering this, the present study aims to verify whether dysphonia in three different degrees may compromise the speech intelligibility of schoolteachers in the classroom.

Method: Overall, 39 students, average age 10 years, randomly selected from a public school in the Federal District, Brazil (Distrito Federal, Brasil) performed a transcription task of 20 sentences spoken by four distinct female voices in a classroom, one with a control voice (normal), another with mild dysphonia, 1 with moderate dysphonia and another with severe dysphonia.

Is the Level of Noise in a School Environment be Harmful to the Hearing of Teachers?

 The excessive noise observed in the school environment can cause damages or losses to the learning process as well as risks to the health of teachers and students, such as physical, mental and social impairments, including, among them, hearing loss.  To assess otoacoustic emissions in teachers and determine whether classroom noise reduces distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).  Sixty-seven teachers were evaluated using otoacoustic emissions testing in two situations: after hearing rest and after the working day.

Systematic Review of Auditory Perceptual and Acoustic Characteristics of the Voice of Cochlear Implant Adult Users.

Statement Of Problem: What are the normative data available on the perceptual and acoustic characteristics of the voice of adults of both sexes who have hearing-impairment and who use cochlear implants?

Purpose: To identify in the literature, normative data about the perceptual auditory and acoustic characteristics of the voice of hearing-impaired cochlear implant adult users.

Search Strategy: A systematic search was carried out in the Virtual Health Library, Web of Science, Science Direct, SciELO, and SCOPUS databases with no temporal restriction.

Selection Criteria: The articles were selected if they led with citation to normative data of the acoustic analysis of the voice of deaf cochlear implant users.

Role of melatonin in prevention of age-related hearing loss.

Introduction: Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a consequence of aging of the auditory system. The best known mechanism of cell death in ARHL is apoptosis due to increased production of reactive oxygen species. In this context, it is hypothesized that melatonin, owing to its high antioxidant potential and its action in the mitochondria, helps prevent or delay outer hair cell dysfunction (HCD).

Hearing of neonates without risk indicators for hearing loss and use of antimalarial drugs during pregnancy: a historical cohort study in the Northern Region of Brazil.

Introduction: Studies have demonstrated the ototoxic effects of antimalarial drugs in individuals who receive these drugs, but little is known regarding the toxicity of these drugs in the newborn auditory system when administered to the mother receive the drug during pregnancy.

Objective: To verify the incidence of hearing loss in neonates who have no other associated risk indicators, born to mothers treated for malaria during pregnancy.

Methods: A retrospective, quantitative cohort study was developed at Hospital de Base Dr.

Protective Effect of Melatonin on Cisplatin-induced Ototoxicity in Rats.

Background/aim: Cisplatin is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent that is used to treat solid tumors; however, its severe side effects remain a limitation. In particular, the high incidence of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity has attracted interest. Melatonin has been shown to decrease the toxic effects of cisplatin due to its antioxidant activity, and could increase the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy.

Effects of septorhinoplasty on smell perception.

Purpose: To assess whether significant changes in smell perception occur after septorhinoplasty, and evaluate whether septum deviation, allergic rhinitis, and surgical technique affect postoperative smell perception.

Methods: Thirty-four patients (> 18 years old) awaiting septorhinoplasty were included, while those with previous severe hyposmia or anosmia were excluded. The participants self-assessed their smell perception using a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS), where 0 mm indicated the inability to smell and 100 mm indicated normal smell perception.

Hearing Loss in Acromegaly - A Review.

 Acromegaly is a chronic disease caused by growth hormone (GH) excess due to a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma in most cases. There is reasonable data to presume the possible influence of chronic GH and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) hyperproduction on the anatomical structures involved in normal sound perception, and on its conductive and/or sensorineural part.  To review the literature about acromegaly and hearing loss.

Does ear endoscopy provide advantages in the outpatient management of open mastoidectomy cavities?

Objective: To evaluate the use of ear endoscopy in the postoperative management of open mastoidectomy cavities, and to test whether ear endoscopy improves inspection and cleaning compared with ear microscopy.

Methods: Prospective study. Thirty-two ears were divided into two groups: group 1, examination and cleaning of mastoid cavities under endoscopic visualization after microscopic standard ear cleaning; group 2, examination and cleaning of mastoid cavities under microscopic visualization after endoscope-assisted ear cleaning.

Tinnitus and sound intolerance: evidence and experience of a Brazilian group.

Introduction: Tinnitus and sound intolerance are frequent and subjective complaints that may have an impact on a patient's quality of life.

Objective: To present a review of the salient points including concepts, pathophysiology, diagnosis and approach of the patient with tinnitus and sensitivity to sounds.

Methods: Literature review with bibliographic survey in LILACS, SciELO, Pubmed and MEDLINE database.

High-frequency conductive hearing loss as a diagnostic test for incomplete ossicular discontinuity in non-cholesteatomatous chronic suppurative otitis media.

Chronic suppurative otitis media, with or without cholesteatoma, may lead to erosion of the ossicles and discontinuity of the ossicular chain. In incomplete ossicular discontinuity (IOD), partial erosion of the ossicles occurs, but some sound transmission is noted throughout the ossicular chain. High-frequency conductive hearing loss (HfCHL) has been considered a hallmark of incomplete ossicular discontinuity.

Analysis of Hearing and Tinnitus in Workers Exposed to Occupational Noise.

Introduction: Noise is one of the harmful agents to health that is present in the various branches of economic activity. Hearing loss and tinnitus are among the most frequently reported complaints by workers exposed to occupational noise.

Objective: To analyze the hearing and tinnitus in normal-hearing workers exposed to occupational noise.

Amplified music exposure carries risks to hearing.

Objective: To investigate the association between changes in the outer hair cells and exposure to amplified music in a group of high-school students.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective, case-control study, 86 subjects underwent audiometry, immittance audiometry, and distortion-product otoacoustic emission tests. The subjects were questioned about their listening habits and divided into 2 groups: exposed and unexposed.

Association between suppression of otoacoustic emissions and annoyance levels in tinnitus patients with normal hearing.

Objective: To correlate the annoyance of tinnitus assessed by the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory and on a visual analogue scale with the evoked otoacoustic emission test result in tinnitus patients with normal hearing.

Study Design: Case-control study.

Setting: Public tertiary hospital.