Post-fever retinitis - Newer concepts.

Post-fever retinitis (PFR) is an infectious or para-infectious uveitic entity caused by bacterial or viral agents and seen mainly in tropical countries. Systemic symptoms such as joint pain, skin rash are common during the febrile stage. On the basis of only clinical presentation, it is difficult to pin-point the exact etiology for PFR.

Toxoplasmic Retinochoroiditis: Clinical Characteristics and Visual Outcome in a Prospective Study.

Purpose: To ascertain the clinical features and visual outcome of toxoplasma retinochoroiditis in a large series of cases.

Subjects And Methods: Two hundred and thirty subjects diagnosed with active toxoplasma retinochoroiditis were prospectively followed for periods ranging from 269 to 1976 days. All patients presented with active retinochoroiditis and positive IgG T.

MULTIFOCAL CHOROIDITIS IN DISSEMINATED SPOROTRICHOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH HIV/AIDS.

Purpose: In this article, the authors describe multifocal choroiditis related to disseminated sporotrichosis in patients with HIV/AIDS.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of three patients infected with HIV who presented with disseminated sporotrichosis characterized by cutaneous lesions, multifocal choroiditis, and other manifestations, including osteomyelitis and involvement of the bone marrow, larynx, pharynx, and nasal and oral mucosa.

Results: Five eyes of three patients with HIV/AIDS showed multifocal choroiditis related to disseminated sporotrichosis.

MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF SYPHILITIC MULTIFOCAL RETINITIS.

Purpose: To describe multimodal imaging of syphilitic multifocal retinitis.

Methods: Observational case series.

Results: Two patients developed multifocal retinitis after treatment of unrecognized syphilitic uveitis with systemic corticosteroids in the absence of appropriate antibiotic therapy.

Risk of reactivation of toxoplasmic retinitis following intraocular procedures without the use of prophylactic therapy.

Background/aims: Toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis is the commonest known cause of posterior uveitis worldwide and reactivation is unpredictable. Based on results from one study, the authors proposed that antitoxoplasmic therapy should be initiated as prophylaxis for intraocular surgery in patients with toxoplasmic scars. The aim of this study is to analyse the risk of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis reactivation following intraocular procedures.

Acute dacryocystitis: another clinical manifestation of sporotrichosis.

Sporotrichosis associated with exposure to domestic cats is hyperendemic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A review of the clinical records at our institute revealed four patients with clinical signs of dacryocystitis and a positive conjunctival culture for Sporothrix who were diagnosed with Sporothrix dacryocystitis. Three patients were children (< 13 years of age) and one patient was an adult.

Cat-scratch disease.

Purpose: To discuss the systemic and ocular manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of Bartonella infection.

Method: Review of the literature.

Results: Bartonella are facultative intracellular Gram-negative rods that infect the erythrocytes or endothelial cells and are related to cat scratch disease (CSD).

Genetic polymorphism for IFNγ +874T/A in patients with acute toxoplasmosis.

Introduction: A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the gene encoding gamma interferon influences its production and is associated with severity of infectious diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the association of IFNγ+874T/A SNP with duration of disease, morbidity, and development of retinochoroiditis in acute toxoplasmosis.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted among 30 patients and 90 controls.

Orbital parasitosis.

Orbital parasitoses are uncommon diseases. Due to specific characteristics of orbital space, many different diseases, such as tumors and inflammatory disease, can present with similar clinical manifestations. The aim of this study is to review the most important clinical, epidemiological, and treatment aspects of orbital parasitoses described worldwide.

Comparative study of 250 mg/day terbinafine and 100 mg/day itraconazole for the treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis.

Unlabelled: Itraconazole is currently used for the treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis. Terbinafine at a daily dose of 250 mg has been successfully applied to the treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of 250 mg/day terbinafine and 100 mg/day itraconazole for the treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis.

Disseminated toxoplasmosis: an atypical presentation in an immunocompetent patient.

Acute acquired toxoplasmosis is considered a self-limited mononucleosis-like disease that rarely requires treatment. We report an unusual severe case of disseminated toxoplasmosis complicated with meningitis and pneumonia in a previously 41-year-old healthy Brazilian man. Toxoplasmosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute febrile diseases due to the non-specific clinical symptoms and the possibility of severe outcome.

Cat-scratch disease: ocular manifestations and visual outcome.

To describe the intra-ocular manifestations of cat-scratch disease (CSD) found at two uveitis reference centers in Brazil. Retrospective case series study. Review of clinical records of patients diagnosed with CSD in the Uveitis Department of São Geraldo Hospital and the Ophthalmology Department of the Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas-FIOCRUZ, from 2001 to 2008.

[Posterior scleritis: clinical features, systemic association, treatment and evolution of 23 patients].

Purpose: To document the clinical features, systemic association, treatment and evolution of 23 patients with posterior scleritis evaluated in the Uveitis service of the Federal University of Minas Gerais.

Methods: 23 patients were identified with the diagnosis of posterior scleritis. Signals and symptoms, visual acuity, B-mode ultrasonography signals, systemic associations, treatment and evolution were described and analyzed.

[Scleritis: clinical characteristics, systemic associations, treatment and outcome in 100 patients].

Purpose: To document the clinical features, systemic association, treatment and evolution of 100 patients with scleritis evaluated at the Uveitis Service of the Federal University of Minas Gerais.

Patients And Methods: 100 patients were identified with the diagnosis of scleritis. Signals and symptoms, visual acuity, B-mode ultrasonography signals, systemic associations, treatment and evolution were described and analyzed.

Cat scratch disease complicated with aseptic meningitis and neuroretinitis.

Cat scratch disease (CSD) is a self limited condition characterized by fever, lymph node enlargement and less often eye involvement. Central nervous system involvement by Bartonella henselae infection is possibly an important cause of morbidity; its role as an agent of aseptic meningitis is unknown. We report a case of a 40 years-old man with CSD accompanied by aseptic meningitis and neuroretinitis.

Multifocal choroiditis in disseminated Cryptococcus neoformans infection.

Purpose: To report an uncommon case of multifocal choroiditis as the result of disseminated Cryptococcus neoformans infection in a patient who is HIV-positive.

Design: Interventional case report.

Methods: A 27-year-old HIV-positive woman with fever, headache, and vomiting was examined.

Ocular manifestation of cat-scratch disease in HIV-positive patients.

Purpose: To characterize ocular manifestations of cat-scratch disease in HIV-positive patients.

Design: Retrospective case series study.

Methods: Records and photography of patients with the diagnosis of cat-scratch disease and HIV were reviewed.

Intermediate uveitis.

Intermediate uveitis is an intraocular inflammation involving the anterior vitreous, peripheral retina and pars plana. It usually affects patients from 5 to 30 years old, without gender or racial preferences. The etiology is unknown but there are several associated diseases: multiple sclerosis, idiopathic optic neuritis, autoimmune corneal endotheliopathy, sarcoidosis, thyroid diseases and inflammatory bowel diseases.

Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis.

Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis (FHC) is a chronic anterior segment inflammatory syndrome that accounts for 2 to 3% of all uveitis cases. The etiology is unknown, but Herpes simplex, ocular toxoplasmosis and rubella infection have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. It occurs more commonly in the third and fourth decades of life with an equal gender distribution.

Posterior scleritis in Cogan's syndrome.

Purpose: To describe an unusual case of atypical Cogan's syndrome with features of posterior scleritis.

Methods: Interventional case report.

Results: A 53-year-old man presented with bilateral posterior scleritis, along with sensorineural hearing loss and systemic vasculitis.

Blindness and total ophthalmoplegia after aesthetic polymethylmethacrylate injection: case report.

Microspheres of polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) are exciting new soft-tissue fillers that are becoming increasing popular for facial rejuvenation. Some reports of side effects of this procedure are basically in respect to dermal reaction, with late-onset granulomatous lesion with giant cells and vacuoles. We report blindness and total ophthalmoplegia after PMMA injection into glabellar area in a healthy woman and review the literature.

Retinal granuloma caused by Sporothrix schenckii.

Purpose: To describe an unusual case of disseminated sporotrichosis with intraocular involvement.

Design: Interventional case report.

Results: An 18-year-old man presented with disseminated ulcerated skin lesions.