Early spontaneous breathing for acute respiratory distress syndrome in individuals with COVID-19.

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represents the most severe course of COVID-19 (caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus), usually resulting in a prolonged stay in an intensive care unit (ICU) and high mortality rates. Despite the fact that most affected individuals need invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), evidence on specific ventilation strategies for ARDS caused by COVID-19 is scarce. Spontaneous breathing during IMV is part of a therapeutic concept comprising light levels of sedation and the avoidance of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA).

Janus kinase inhibitors for the treatment of COVID-19.

Background: With potential antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors represent a potential treatment for symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. They may modulate the exuberant immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, a direct antiviral effect has been described.

Admission Blood Glucose in the Emergency Department is Associated with Increased In-Hospital Mortality in Nontraumatic Critically Ill Patients.

Background: Abnormal admission blood glucose was reported as a useful predictor of outcome in critically ill patients.

Objectives: To identify patients at higher risk, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between admission blood glucose levels and patient mortality during the management of nontraumatic critically ill patients in the emergency department (ED).

Methods: In this prospective, single-center observational study in a German university ED, all adult patients admitted to the resuscitation room of the ED were included between September 1, 2014 and August 31, 2015.

Elevated admission lactate levels in the emergency department are associated with increased 30-day mortality in non-trauma critically ill patients.

Background: Elevated blood lactate levels were reported as useful predictors of clinical outcome and mortality in critically ill patients. To identify higher-risk patients, this investigation evaluated the relationship between patient mortality and admission lactate levels during the management of non-trauma critically ill patients in the emergency department (ED).

Methods: In this prospective, single centre observational study in a German university ED, all adult patients who were admitted to the ED resuscitation room were evaluated between September 1, 2014 and August 31, 2015.

[Lactate in emergency medicine].

The basis of all metabolic processes in the human body is the production and metabolism of carriers of energy. Lactate is the end-product of anaerobic glycolysis. Lactate can serve as a substrate for gluconeogenesis and as an oxidation substrate.

Early Lactate Dynamics in Critically Ill Non-Traumatic Patients in a Resuscitation Room of a German Emergency Department (OBSERvE-Lactate-Study).

Background: Management of critically ill non-trauma patients in the resuscitation room of an emergency department (ED) is very challenging, and it is difficult to identify patients with a higher risk of death. Previous studies have shown that lactate indices can predict survival for selected diseases and syndromes.

Objective: As reported for other patient populations, we set out to determine whether admission lactate or lactate dynamics (LD) within 24 h can predict 30-day mortality in unselected critically ill non-traumatic patients.

Multilevel Analysis of Dental Caries in Swedish Children and Adolescents in Relation to Socioeconomic Status.

The objective was to investigate the variability in dental caries experience in Swedish children and adolescents, at two different area levels: dental clinics and SAMS (small areas for market statistics), with respect to multiple individual socioeconomic factors (SES). Records of manifest caries using the DMFT indices (decayed, missing, filled teeth, dependent variables) were collected from electronic dental records for 300,988 individuals aged 3-19 years (97.3% coverage) from the Region Västra Götaland, Sweden.

Multiple Socioeconomic Factors and Dental Caries in Swedish Children and Adolescents.

The study aimed to explore associations between multiple socioeconomic factors and dental caries experience in Swedish children and adolescents (3-19 years old). Electronic dental records from 300,988, in a Swedish region (97.3% coverage) were collected using the DMFT indices (decayed, missing, filled teeth: dependent variables).

Caries increment in primary teeth from 3 to 6 years of age: a longitudinal study in Swedish children.

Aim: To longitudinally follow and analyse caries prevalence and development in primary dentition in Swedish preschool children from 3 to 6 years of age.

Study Design: A longitudinal clinical study.

Methods: Three hundred 3-year-old children in the Public Dental Service were consecutively included.