[Essential blepharospasm: literature review].

Essential blepharospasm is a focal distonia characterized by involuntary, spasmodic, bilateral contractions of eyelid protractors. This is a rare disease, which diagnosis is frequently late and symptoms may progress until functional blindness. In this article, we perform a review and describe the most important features of the disease, including historical aspects, epidemiology, etiology, clinical findings, differential diagnosis and treatment.

Patients with essential blepharospasm and glaucoma: case reports.

Essential blepharospasm is a facial dystonia characterized by spontaneous, spasmodic and involuntary contractions of the eyelid muscles. In advanced cases, blepharospasm patients develop severe eyelid spasms that render them functionally blind, socially reclusive, and unable to work or care for themselves. Oculoplastic surgeons frequently have to deal with patients with blepharospasm.

Retinal thickness assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in pseudophakic macular edema.

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of the optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal map in angiographic pseudophakic macular edema (ACME).

Methods: This is a prospective analysis of a group of 36 pseudophakic eyes at the fifth postoperative week, submitted to optical coherence tomography 2 macular map and fluorescein angiography on the same day and, a control group of twenty-two 20/20 vision eyes with a minimum 6-month postoperative period, submitted to optical coherence tomography 2 macular map only. Exclusion criteria were diabetes, any macular pathology and unreadable optical coherence tomography or angiogram.

[Congenital anomalies of the optic disc associated with moyamoya disease: case report].

Congenital anomalies of the optic disc can be associated with intracranial vascular abnormalities. We report a 9-year old boy with morning glory disc anomaly in one eye and optic disc and infrapapilar choroidal coloboma in the other. His past medical history was remarkable for a transient ischemic attack.