Imaging in urethral stricture disease: an educational review of current techniques with a focus on MRI.

Urethral stricture disease refers to narrowing of the urethral lumen obstructing the flow of urine. Urethral strictures can significantly impact daily life due to incontinence, incomplete emptying, hesitancy, and increased risk of urinary tract infections. Imaging is central to the evaluation of suspected urethral stricture, as assessment of stricture length and severity is crucial for guidance of surgical management.

Analysis of surgical and histopathological results of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy with use of three or four robotic arms: an early series results.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether criteria exist to guide election between the use the three- or four-arm technique in robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN) instead of just the surgeon's preference.

Material And Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 80 patients submitted to RPN from May 2016 to February 2020. The patients were divided into two groups of 40, the first submitted to the surgical procedure with use of three robotic arms and the second with four arms.

Findings regarding non-sexual penile fracture in a referral emergency hospital.

Purpose: To describe penile fracture (PF) findings with non-sexual etiology in a referral emergency hospital, with emphasis on demographic data, clinical and intraoperative findings and long-term outcomes.

Materials And Methods: Patients with PF of non-sexual cause operated at our institution from January 2014 to January 2019 were submitted to surgical treatment and monitored for at least three months after surgery. Etiology of trauma, epidemiological and clinical presentation data, time to intervention and operative findings were reviewed retrospectively.

Lessons learned after 20 years' experience with penile fracture.

Objective: To report our experience over the past 20 years in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of penile fracture (PF).

Materials And Methods: Between January 1997 and January 2017, patients with clinical diagnosis of PF were admitted to our facility and retrospectively assessed. Medical records were reviewed for clinical presentation, etiology and operative findings.

What Is the Best Way to Prepare A Buccal Mucosa Graft for Urethroplasty? A Histology-Based Preliminary Report.

Purpose: To evaluate the histological characteristics of buccal mucosa samples prepared using different dissection techniques.

Methods: The buccal mucosae harvested from 9 men submitted to a substitution urethroplasty were used in this study. Biopsy specimens of buccal mucosae were grouped according to the macroscopic appearance after dissection: Group 1 - yellowish appearance (minimal dissection), Group 2 - whitish appearance (more aggressive dissection), and Group 3 - translucent appearance (ultra-aggressive dissection).

Stereological and biochemical analysis of the urethral edges in patients submitted to end-to-end anastomosis for bulbar urethral stricture.

Purpose: To study the morphologic alterations in the proximal and distal urethral edges from patients submitted to end-to-end bulbar urethroplasty.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed 12 patients submitted to anastomotic urethroplasty to treat bulbar strictures less than 2.0 cm in length.

Structural alterations of foreskin caused by chronic smoking may explain high levels of urethral reconstruction failure using foreskin flaps.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to perform a stereological and biochemical analysis of the foreskin of smoker subjects.

Materials And Methods: Foreskin samples were obtained from 20 young adults (mean = 27.2 years old) submitted to circumcision.

Penile fracture: diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of 150 patients.

Objective: To report the diagnosis, treatment options, and outcomes of 150 patients with suspicion of penile fracture.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed 150 patients with clinically suspected penile fracture (PF). The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (G1) with low suspicion of penile fracture (n = 25), and group 2 (G2) with high suspicion of penile fracture (n = 125).

Structural analysis of the corpora cavernosa in patients with ischaemic priapism.

Study Type: Therapy (case series).

Level Of Evidence: 4.

Objective: To evaluate, using quantitative and qualitative methods, the changes in the corpora cavernosa of patients with ischaemic priapism.

Treatment of recurrent priapism in sickle cell anemia with finasteride: a new approach.

Objectives: To determine whether the use of finasteride controls recurrent priapism in patients with sickle cell anemia.

Methods: Thirty-five patients with recurrent priapism because of sickle cell disease received finasteride during 120 days. The initial dose was decreased every 40 days, from 5 mg/d to 3 mg and then to 1 mg of finasteride until the end of 120 days.

Stereological and biochemical analysis of muscular and connective tissue components in the penile corpus cavernosum adjacent to the fibrous plaque of Peyronie's disease.

Objective: To investigate the structural organization of the connective tissue in the corpus cavernosum (CC) adjacent to the fibrous plaque in Peyronie's disease (PD) using stereological and biochemical techniques, as most studies on PD have focused on the analysis of the fibrous plaque that forms in the tunica albuginea (TA). Because this fibrotic reaction is mediated by various inflammatory soluble factors, adjacent connective tissues might also be affected and this secondary effect might explain, for example, the erectile dysfunction that occurs in PD.

Patients And Methods: During surgery biopsies were taken from the CC adjacent to the fibrous plaque and from the plaque itself in seven patients with PD (mean age 48.

Plexiforme neurofibroma with compromising of the penile function.

The objective of this article was to describe a case of Von Recklinghausen's disease with plexiform neurofibroma of the penis. The patient was 26 years old and reported difficulty with sexual intercourse owing to a penile mass, despite experiencing normal sensation and erection. Physical examination demonstrated this penile mass with café au lait spots, subcutaneous neurofibromas, and lisch nodules.

Relation between the area affected by Fournier's gangrene and the type of reconstructive surgery used. A study with 80 patients.

Objective: To assess the affected skin area and the reconstructive techniques used in 80 patients affected by Fournier's gangrene.

Materials And Methods: Eighty patients ranging in age from 19 to 85 years (mean = 51) affected by Fournier's gangrene were studied. When admitted to the emergency room the patients were submitted to clinical and laboratory examinations to analyze the gravity of the case.

Gunshot wound injuries of the prostate and posterior urethra: reconstructive armamentarium.

Purpose: Descriptions of posterior urethral penetrating injuries are rare in the literature and their management is poorly described. We reviewed the medical records of 19 men who sustained posterior urethral gunshot wounds and report our experience with various treatment options.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 19 men (mean age 27 years) who sustained posterior urethral gunshot wound injuries confirmed by retrograde urethrography and/or exploratory laparotomy.

A morphometric analysis of bulbar urethral strictures.

Unlabelled: In a beautifully descriptive paper, authors from Rio de Janeiro and San Francisco report a quantitative and qualitative histological analysis of spongiosal tissue in patients with bulbar urethral strictures. They found that stricture formation was characterised by major alterations in extracellular matrix features.

Objective: To report a quantitative and qualitative histological analysis of spongiosum tissue in patients with bulbar urethral strictures.

Simplified reconstruction of posterior urethral disruption defects: limited role of supracrural rerouting.

Purpose: We present our combined experience with a simplified posterior urethroplasty technique to determine the necessity and usefulness of ancillary reconstructive maneuvers.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed the records of 135 men and 7 boys who underwent reconstruction of traumatic posterior urethral defects with greater than 1 year of followup from 5 tertiary teaching hospitals. Prior treatments, surgical approach and ancillary techniques required during reconstruction were compiled.

Management of urethral lesions in penile blunt trauma.

Background: Traumatic lesions to the penis may extend into the corpus spongiosum, causing laceration or complete transection of the urethra. Blunt penile trauma is usually related to sexual intercourse or manipulation. The aim of this paper was to report the authors experience with the management of urethral injuries in patients with penile blunt trauma.

Penile lesion from gunshot wound: a 43-case experience.

Objective: To demonstrate the main aspects of diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of 43 patients with gunshot wounds to the penis.

Materials And Methods: The location of the lesion, the presence of associated lesions, the performance of complementary exams, surgical treatment, postoperative complications and long term follow-up of 43 patients with penile lesions from gunshot wounds were retrospectively analyzed.

Results: Of 43 cases assessed, 41 were submitted to surgical exploration (95.