THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRINTING IN ORTHOPEDICS: WHERE WE STAND AND WHERE WE ARE HEADING.

Three-dimensional printing is a technology in expansion in the medical field. It also presents many applications in orthopedics. Our review article aims to describe 3D printing, types of 3D printers, and its use in the orthopedic field.

Three-Dimensional Printing in Orthopedics: from the Basics to Surgical Applications.

Purpose Of Review: Additive manufacturing (AM) is a rapidly evolving field traditionally utilized in non-medical industries. Recently, the medical use of AM is expanding, especially in orthopedics. The goal of this article is presenting the principles of AM and its main applications in orthopedics.

TUMORS OF THE PATELLA: THE EXPERIENCE OF INSTITUTE OF ORTHOPEDICS AND TRAUMATOLOGY AT UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL.

Objective: To obtain epidemiological data from the tumors of the patella diagnosed and treated at the Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo (IOT-HC-FMUSP) between 1998 and 2015.

Methods: Series of cases with retrospective evaluation of patients diagnosed with tumors located in the patella. The data was obtained from the records and patients' charts at the Department of Pathology of IOT-HC-FMUSP.

Bioactive glass in cavitary bone defects: a comparative experimental study in rabbits.

Objectives: To compare bioactive glass and autograft regarding their histomorphometric characteristics.

Methods: The authors conducted a prospective case-control experimental study on animals in order to compare the histomorphometric characteristics of bioactive glass versus autograft. Eight rabbits underwent surgery in which a cavitary defect was created in both proximal femurs.

GCT: What happened after 10 years of curettage and cement? Retrospective study of 46 cases.

Objective: To compare the functional outcome of patients with and without arthrosis, and to determine whether the development of arthrosis is related to the distance of the tumor from the subchondral bone.

Methods: Forty six patients treated for Giant-cell tumor (GCT) between 1975 and 1999 met inclusion criteria. GCT was diagnosed by percutaneous biopsy and confirmed after resection, in all cases.

Correlation between the expression of vegf and survival in osteosarcoma.

Objective: To present a series of 50 consecutive patients with non-metastatic extremity osteosarcoma, and attempt to correlate expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein in biopsy tissue to their prognosis regarding overall survival, disease-free survival and local recurrence.

Methods: Fifty cases of non-metastatic osteosarcoma of the extremities treated between 1986 and 2006 at Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil, were evaluated regarding expression of the VEGF protein. There were 19 females and 31 males.

The herbal drug Catuama reverts and prevents ventricular fibrillation in the isolated rabbit heart.

Introduction: Catuama, an herbal drug very popular in Brazil, was tested on the reversion and prevention of ventricular fibrillation (VF) in the isolated rabbit heart.

Materials And Methods: Catuama (a mixture of Trichilia catigua, Paullinia cupana, Ptychopetalum olacoides, and Zinziber officinalis) was perfused in the isolated perfused rabbit heart. Its effects on intraventricular conduction, heart rate, and monophasic action potential (MAP) duration were evaluated, and sustained VF was induced.

New model of ventricular fibrillation.

The purpose of this study was to develop a more efficient and stable model of ventricular fibrillation (VF) in the isolated rabbit heart, because there is not a satisfactory model with this animal. We also observed the effects of increasing extracellular calcium in the stability and reversibility of the arrhythmia. After suspending the hearts in a classical Langendorff preparation, VF was induced by burst stimulation (current = 2.