CaDIS: Cataract dataset for surgical RGB-image segmentation.

Video feedback provides a wealth of information about surgical procedures and is the main sensory cue for surgeons. Scene understanding is crucial to computer assisted interventions (CAI) and to post-operative analysis of the surgical procedure. A fundamental building block of such capabilities is the identification and localization of surgical instruments and anatomical structures through semantic segmentation.

Can surgical simulation be used to train detection and classification of neural networks?

Computer-assisted interventions (CAI) aim to increase the effectiveness, precision and repeatability of procedures to improve surgical outcomes. The presence and motion of surgical tools is a key information input for CAI surgical phase recognition algorithms. Vision-based tool detection and recognition approaches are an attractive solution and can be designed to take advantage of the powerful deep learning paradigm that is rapidly advancing image recognition and classification.

Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocyte Encapsulating Bioactive Hydrogels Improve Rat Heart Function Post Myocardial Infarction.

Tissue engineering offers an exciting possibility for cardiac repair post myocardial infarction. We assessed the effects of combined polyethylene glycol hydrogel (PEG), human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (iPSC-CM), and erythropoietin (EPO) therapy in a rat model of myocardial infarction. PEG with/out iPSC-CMs and EPO; iPSC-CMs in saline; or saline alone was injected into infarcted hearts shortly after infarction.

Development and Evaluation of a Novel Pan-Specialty Virtual Reality Surgical Simulator for Smartphones.

Touch Surgery is a novel simulator that allows cognitive task simulation and rehearsal of surgical procedures. Touch Surgery is designed for Apple and Android smartphones and tablets. This allows a global community of surgical professionals to review the steps of a procedure and test their competence.

Cognitive Task Analysis: Bringing Olympic Athlete Style Training to Surgical Education.

Background: Surgical training is changing and evolving as time, pressure, and legislative demands continue to mount on trainee surgeons. A paradigm change in the focus of training has resulted in experts examining the cognitive steps needed to perform complex and often highly pressurized surgical procedures.

Objective: To provide an overview of the collective evidence on cognitive task analysis (CTA) as a surgical training method, and determine if CTA improves a surgeon's performance as measured by technical and nontechnical skills assessment, including precision, accuracy, and operative errors.

Surgical smartphone applications across different platforms: their evolution, uses, and users.

Introduction: There are a vast array of smartphone applications that could benefit both surgeons and their patients. To review and identify all relevant surgical smartphone applications available for the Apple iPhone iOS and Google Android platform based on their user group and subspecialty for which they were designed.

Method: Both the literature using PubMed and Google Scholar were searched using the following terms: application$, smartphone$, app$, app*, surgery, surgical, surg*, general surgery, general surg*, bariatric$, urology and plastic surgery, ortho*, orthop(a)edic, cardiac surgery, cardiothoracic, neurosurgery, and ophthalmology.

A meta-analysis of probiotic and synbiotic use in elective surgery: does nutrition modulation of the gut microbiome improve clinical outcome?

Background: Perioperative nutrition modulation of gut microbiota is increasingly used as a strategy for reducing the infective complications of elective surgery. This meta-analysis assessed the effect of probiotic and synbiotic preparations on the incidence of postoperative sepsis.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials that compared preoperative dosing of probiotics and synbiotics in patients undergoing elective general surgical procedures were included.

The use of multimedia consent programs for surgical procedures: a systematic review.

Objective: To compare multimedia and standard consent, in respect to patient comprehension, anxiety, and satisfaction, for various surgical/interventional procedures.

Data Sources: Electronic searches of PubMed, MEDLINE, Ovid, Embase, and Google Scholar were performed. Relevant articles were assessed by 2 independent reviewers.

Patient reported outcomes and their importance in the development of novel surgical techniques.

Introduction: Although traditional quality measures such as morbidity and mortality outcomes still pay an important role in the assessment of health care quality, greater emphasis is now being placed on patient-reported outcome measures such as patient satisfaction. This area is especially important for novel surgical technologies such as single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) and natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). These new innovations are able to minimize or abolish surgical scarring and are likely to have most benefit in the area of patient satisfaction as opposed to traditional outcome measures.

In vivo tissue engineering of musculoskeletal tissues.

Tissue engineering of musculoskeletal tissues often involves the in vitro manipulation and culture of progenitor cells, growth factors and biomaterial scaffolds. Though in vitro tissue engineering has greatly increased our understanding of cellular behavior and cell-material interactions, this methodology is often unable to recreate tissue with the hierarchical organization and vascularization found within native tissues. Accordingly, investigators have focused on alternative in vivo tissue engineering strategies, whereby the traditional triad (cells, growth factors, scaffolds) or a combination thereof are directly implanted at the damaged tissue site or within ectopic sites capable of supporting neo-tissue formation.

Single-incision laparoscopic surgery for right hemicolectomy.

Hypothesis: Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) allows surgeons to perform laparoscopic procedures through a single umbilical incision, minimizing surgical trauma.

Design: We describe herein our methods of SILS right hemicolectomy using a recent case as an example.

Setting: SILS appendectomy and cholecystectomy have been performed by our surgical team for longer than 1 year among more than 80 patients.

Single-incision laparoscopic surgery for cholecystectomy: a retrospective comparison with 4-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Objectives: To report our experience with single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) for cholecystectomy and to perform a retrospective comparison with conventional 4-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Design, Setting, And Patients: Data were prospectively collected for all patients undergoing SILS for cholecystectomy at St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, England (n = 41 patients between June 13, 2008, and June 30, 2009) and compared with data for those who had undergone conventional 4-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the preceding year (n = 58 patients between June 26, 2007, and May 30, 2008). This included patient demographic data and intraoperative and postoperative outcomes.

Proctalgia fugax, an evidence-based management pathway.

Purpose: Proctalgia fugax (PF) is a benign anorectal condition which has been described in the literature since the nineteenth century commonly presenting to general surgeons. There is little high level evidence on the subject and its therapeutic modalities. We aimed through this systematic literature review to outline the definition and diagnostic criteria of this condition, the aetiology and differential diagnoses and describe the different treatment modalities that have been attempted and their success.

Single incision laparoscopic surgery for appendicectomy: a retrospective comparative analysis.

Background: Single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) may further reduce the trauma of surgery leading to reduced port site complications and postoperative pain. The improved cosmetic result also may lead to improved patient satisfaction with surgery.

Methods: Data were prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed for all patients who underwent SILS appendicectomy at our institution and were compared with those who had undergone conventional laparoscopic appendicectomy during the same time period.

Single incision laparoscopic surgery for acute appendicitis: feasibility in pediatric patients.

Background. Laparoscopic appendicectomy is accepted by many as the gold standard approach for the treatment of acute appendicitis. The use of Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery (SILS) has the potential of further reducing postoperative port site complications as well as improving cosmesis and patient satisfaction.

Appendicectomy and cholecystectomy using single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS): the first UK experience.

Introduction: Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) has the potential advantages of reduced postoperative pain and reduced port-site complications. Careful attention to closure can lead to virtually "scarless" surgery. In this article, we present our first experiences with SILS appendicectomy and cholecystectomy.

Patient-reported outcome measures: the importance of patient satisfaction in surgery.

In recent years, much attention has been paid to the assessment of the quality of health care. This focus has been driven mainly by a desire to improve health care and decrease inequalities within health care systems. As well as addressing key areas such as structure, process, and outcome, which are normally taken from the provider's viewpoint, it is also necessary to address the patient's perspective.

Single-incision laparoscopic surgery for cholecystectomy: an evolving technique.

Background: Laparoscopic techniques have allowed surgeons to perform complicated intraabdominal surgery with minimal trauma. Recent innovators have pioneered the use of single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS), which has the potential of further reducing the trauma of surgical access. This may lead to reduced postoperative pain and improved patient cosmesis.

Appraising the quality of care in surgery.

There is currently no validated measurement system available for quality of care assessment in surgery despite all of the inherent benefits of such an approach. A structured quality framework needs to be developed and incorporate measures that are truly reflective of several important dimensions of care within the entire treatment episode. Presently this has been only partially addressed.

The morbidity surrounding reversal of defunctioning ileostomies: a systematic review of 48 studies including 6,107 cases.

Background And Aims: Loop ileostomies are used currently in surgical practice to reduce the consequences of distal anastomotic failure following colorectal resection. It is often assumed that reversal of a loop ileostomy is a simple and safe procedure. However, many studies have demonstrated high morbidity rates following loop ileostomy closure.

Follow-up in patients with disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis: a report of an unusual, high-risk case.

Leiomyomatosis peritonei disseminata is a condition seen uncommonly in states of oestrogen hypersecretion in women of childbearing age. There are no clear guidelines for the primary management and follow-up of these patients. Here, a rare case in a postmenopausal woman with a normal hormonal state who may be considered higher risk is presented, with a review suggesting a management pathway in these patients.

Does preservation of the sub-valvular apparatus during mitral valve replacement affect long-term survival and quality of life? A Microsimulation Study.

Background: Techniques to preserve the sub-valvular apparatus in order to reduce morbidity and mortality following mitral valve replacement have been frequently reported. However, it is uncertain what impact sub-valvular apparatus preservation techniques have on long-term outcomes following mitral valve replacement. This study investigated the effect of sub-valvular apparatus preservation on long-term survival and quality of life following mitral valve replacement.

Myeloproliferative disorder as the cause of peripheral ischemia in a young patient.

A 35-year-old patient with rest pain and peripheral gangrene was referred with a diagnosis of Takayasu's disease but had myeloproliferative disorder (primary thrombocythemia). The angiogram revealed surgically noncorrectable small vessel occlusive disease with no evidence of atheroma. Medical therapy with cytotoxic and antiplatelet agents achieved satisfactory results with excellent wound healing after surgical amputation of necrotic tissue.

Surgical management of morbid obesity.

Obesity affects 1.7 million people worldwide, and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Outcomes of conservative management are generally poor.