Comparison of two skin temperature assessment methods after the application of topical revulsive products: Conductive iButton data logger system vs contact-free infrared thermometry.

Background: Skin temperature assessments comprise conductive and contact-free techniques. Comparison between conductive data loggers and contact-free thermometry after the application of revulsive products is scarce. This study aimed to compare iButton data loggers with an infrared thermometer after the application of two revulsive products.

In vivo determination of the diclofenac skin reservoir: comparison between passive, occlusive, and iontophoretic application.

Aim: There is scarce information concerning the pharmacodynamic behavior of topical substances used in the physiotherapy setting. The aim of the present study was to estimate the formation and emptying of the diclofenac (DF) skin reservoir after passive, semiocclusive, and electrically assisted applications of DF.

Subjects And Methods: Five different groups of healthy volunteers (ntotal=60, 23 male and 37 female), participated in this study.

Hydration measurements of the stratum corneum: comparison between the capacitance method (digital version of the Corneometer CM 825®) and the impedance method (Skicon-200EX®).

Background: Measurement of stratum corneum (SC) hydration often involves the use of commercial instruments. The aim of this study was to compare and validate two recent instruments: the Corneometer 825® (digital probe) and the Skicon-200 EX®.

Methods: In vitro calibration was carried out on filter pads using different solvents, measurements over different layers of plastic foils, and evaluation of desorption kinetics.

Influence of probe application pressure on in vitro and in vivo capacitance (Corneometer CM 825(®)) and conductance (Skicon 200 EX(®)) measurements.

Background/purpose: The measuring probe of the electrical hydration instruments is equipped with a spring system to ensure a constant pressure of probe application on the skin surface. However, it is possible to trigger the measurement at, respectively, a low and a high force of probe application. It is the purpose of this paper to compare the in vitro and in vivo hydration values of the capacitance and conductance method at, respectively, low and high values of application pressure on the considered surface.

Changes of skin characteristics during and after local Parafango therapy as used in physiotherapy.

Background/aims: In physiotherapy, fango (mud) application is a frequently used heat therapy. The main therapeutic effects are due to the elevated temperature of the different tissues with a significant redistribution of blood towards the heated area. This may influence several cardiovascular parameters.

Determination of the in vivo bioavailability of iontophoretically delivered diclofenac using a methyl nicotinate skin inflammation assay.

Background/aims: In this study, we investigated the bioavailability of iontophoretically delivered diclofenac with the methylnicotinate (MN) test. The inhibition of an erythema provoked by MN is proportional to the bioavailability of diclofenac in the skin. It was our aim to use this procedure in the determination of the contribution of, respectively, passive diffusion, occlusion and electrically assisted delivery during an iontophoretic procedure as used in physiotherapy.