Biomarkers.

Background: Growing evidence suggests that the imbalance between excitability and inhibitory neural activity is a key aspect of cognitive decline. Subclinical epileptiform activity (SEA) has been indicated as a marker of increased cortical excitability. While SEA is considered as a benign EEG sign in the elderly population, recent studies demonstrated its role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease.

Proprioceptive Training Improves Postural Stability and Reduces Pain in Cervicogenic Headache Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Headache is one of the leading causes of disability in the world. Neck proprioception, pain, and postural control are interconnected in both healthy individuals and those with chronic neck pain. This study examines the effects of proprioceptive training using a gaze direction recognition task on postural stability and pain in cervicogenic headache patients.

Association of modifiable risk factors with progression to dementia in relation to amyloid and tau pathology.

Background: Dementia preventive interventions targeting multiple modifiable risk factors are a promising approach. However, the impact of modifiable risk factors in the presence of beta-amyloid or phosphorylated-tau (p-tau) pathology is unclear.

Methods: The objective of the study was to examine the role of modifiable risk factors (vascular factors, depression, and smoking) in the progression to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia among 434 cognitively unimpaired (CU) and 611 individuals with MCI from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database.

Effects of Acute Citrulline Malate Supplementation on CrossFit Exercise Performance: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Study.

Given the increasing popularity of CrossFit as a high-intensity functional training program and the potential benefits of citrulline malate (CM) in enhancing exercise performance through its role as a precursor to L-arginine and nitric oxide production, this study aimed to investigate the acute effects of CM supplementation on CrossFit performance and cardiovascular function. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design, 21 recreationally active participants (mean age 22.2 ± 2.

Disruption of sleep macro- and microstructure in Alzheimer's disease: overlaps between neuropsychology, neurophysiology, and neuroimaging.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, often associated with impaired sleep quality and disorganized sleep structure. This study aimed to characterize changes in sleep macrostructure and K-complex density in AD, in relation to neuropsychological performance and brain structural changes. We enrolled 30 AD and 30 healthy control participants, conducting neuropsychological exams, brain MRI, and one-night polysomnography.

Tuning the Solubility of Soluble Support Constructs in Liquid Phase Oligonucleotide Synthesis.

Solubility of the growing oligonucleotide-soluble support constructs in the liquid phase oligonucleotide synthesis (LPOS) is a critical parameter, which affects coupling efficiency, purity, and recovery of the growing oligonucleotides during the chain elongation. In the present study, oligonucleotides have been assembled on a 4-oxoheptanedioic acid (OHDA) linker-derived tetrapodal soluble support using 5'--(2-methoxyprop-2-yl)-protected 2'-deoxyribonucleotide phosphoroamidite building blocks with different nucleobase protecting groups [isobutyryl (Gua), 1-butylpyrrolidin-2-ylidene (Gua, Cyt), 2,4-dimethylbenzoyl (Ade, Cyt), and Bz (Thy)]. The solubility of the oligonucleotide-soluble support constructs (molecular mass varying between 3 and 10 kDa) as models of protected tetra-, octa-, dodeca-, hexadeca-, and eicosa-nucleotides was measured in different solvent systems and in potential antisolvents.

KCNQ1 suppression-replacement gene therapy in transgenic rabbits with type 1 long QT syndrome.

Background And Aims: Type 1 long QT syndrome (LQT1) is caused by pathogenic variants in the KCNQ1-encoded Kv7.1 potassium channels, which pathologically prolong ventricular action potential duration (APD). Herein, the pathologic phenotype in transgenic LQT1 rabbits is rescued using a novel KCNQ1 suppression-replacement (SupRep) gene therapy.

Excitation/inhibition imbalance in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of inhibitory and excitatory TMS-EMG paradigms.

Cortical excitation-inhibition (E/I) imbalance is a potential model for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Previous research using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electromyography (EMG) has suggested inhibitory deficits in schizophrenia. In this meta-analysis we assessed the reliability and clinical potential of TMS-EMG paradigms in schizophrenia following the methodological recommendations of the PRISMA guideline and the Cochrane Handbook.

EEG connectivity and network analyses predict outcome in patients with disorders of consciousness - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Outcome prediction in prolonged disorders of consciousness (DOC) remains challenging. This can result in either inappropriate withdrawal of treatment or unnecessary prolongation of treatment. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a cheap, portable, and non-invasive device with various opportunities for complex signal analysis.

Low Functional network integrity in cognitively unimpaired and MCI subjects with depressive symptoms: results from a multi-center fMRI study.

Evidence suggests that depressive symptomatology is a consequence of network dysfunction rather than lesion pathology. We studied whole-brain functional connectivity using a Minimum Spanning Tree as a graph-theoretical approach. Furthermore, we examined functional connectivity in the Default Mode Network, the Frontolimbic Network (FLN), the Salience Network, and the Cognitive Control Network.

Epilepsy and epileptiform activity in late-onset Alzheimer disease: clinical and pathophysiological advances, gaps and conundrums.

A growing body of evidence has demonstrated a link between Alzheimer disease (AD) and epilepsy. Late-onset epilepsy and epileptiform activity can precede cognitive deterioration in AD by years, and its presence has been shown to predict a faster disease course. In animal models of AD, amyloid and tau pathology are linked to cortical network hyperexcitability that precedes the first signs of memory decline.

Lifestyle and behavioural changes in older adults during the Covid-19 pandemic are associated with subjective cognitive complaints.

Subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) is a self-reported experience of persistently impaired cognitive functions which could be the earliest red flag of neurocognitive disorders. The COVID-19 pandemic and related restriction measures changed the lifestyle and behaviour of older adults. The aim of this study was to assess the relation of these changes and SCC status in Hungary.

Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of resting-state fMRI driven machine learning algorithms in the detection of mild cognitive impairment.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a potential therapeutic window in the prevention of dementia; however, automated detection of early cognitive deterioration is an unresolved issue. The aim of our study was to compare various classification approaches to differentiate MCI patients from healthy controls, based on rs-fMRI data, using machine learning (ML) algorithms. Own dataset (from two centers) and ADNI database were used during the analysis.

Effect of postpartum drenching on plasma parameters of cows at a large-scale dairy farm.

The aim of the present study was to explore the influence of postpartum drenching with a feed additive on the plasma concentration of biochemical parameters while factoring in prepartum rumination times (RT). One hundred and sixty-one cows were fitted with a Ruminact© HR-Tag approximately 5 days before calving. Drenching and control groups were established based on calving dates.

[Care of dementia in the general practice].

Treating and caring for people with dementia is a complex task, which can be achieved through cooperation between primary and specialist healthcare, social care and specialist care services. General practitioners are key players in the prevention, screening, treatment and care of dementia. Our aim was to present the general practitioner's aspects of modern dementia care through different levels of prevention.

Stereo-Controlled Liquid Phase Synthesis of Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides on a Soluble Support.

5'--(2-Methoxyisopropyl) (MIP)-protected 2'-deoxynucleosides as chiral P(V)-building blocks, based on the limonene-derived oxathiaphospholane sulfide, were synthesized and used for the assembly of di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide phosphorothioates on a tetrapodal pentaerythritol-derived soluble support. The synthesis cycle consisted of two reactions and two precipitations: (1) the coupling under basic conditions, followed by neutralization and precipitation and (2) an acid catalyzed 5'--deacetalization, followed by neutralization and precipitation. The simple P(V) chemistry together with the facile 5'--MIP deprotection proved efficient in the liquid phase oligonucleotide synthesis (LPOS).

Comparative evaluation of Duragen® and skim milk extenders to enhance ram semen quality and fertility: A promising alternative in ovine artificial insemination.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Duragen® and skimmed milk (SM) extenders on the quality parameters, bacterial load and fertilization ability of stored ram semen. A total of 50 ejaculates from Sardi rams (n = 5) aged 2.5-3 years, were collected and stored in Duragen® and SM at 15°C.

Ability of ChatGPT to generate competent radiology reports for distal radius fracture by use of RSNA template items and integrated AO classifier.

The amount of acquired radiology imaging studies grows worldwide at a rapid pace. Novel information technology tools for radiologists promise an increase of reporting quality and as well quantity at the same time. Automated text report drafting is one branch of this development.

Deep Learning-Based Prediction of Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction Using 2D Echocardiograms.

Background: Evidence has shown the independent prognostic value of right ventricular (RV) function, even in patients with left-sided heart disease. The most widely used imaging technique to measure RV function is echocardiography; however, conventional 2-dimensional (2D) echocardiographic assessment is unable to leverage the same clinical information that 3-dimensional (3D) echocardiography-derived right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) can provide.

Objectives: The authors aimed to implement a deep learning (DL)-based tool to estimate RVEF from 2D echocardiographic videos.

Effect of postpartum drenching on rumination time and reticuloruminal pH at a Hungarian dairy farm.

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of drenching with a feed additive on rumination time (RT) and reticuloruminal pH post-partum at a Hungarian large-scale dairy farm. One hundred and sixty-one cows were fitted with a Ruminact© HR-Tag and from these 20 also received SmaXtec© ruminal boli approximately 5 days before calving. Drenching and control groups were established based on calving dates.

A Unified Approach to Analysis of Body Condition in Green Toads.

Body condition is increasingly used to assess the status of populations and as a proxy for individual fitness. A common, quick and non-invasive approach is to estimate condition from the relation between body length and mass. Among the methods developed for this purpose, the Scaled Mass Index (SMI) appears best suited for comparisons among populations.

Temporal and spatial variations in local sex ratios in a suburban population of the European green toad Bufotes viridis.

Background: Sex ratios of animal populations are important factors of population demographics. In pond-breeding amphibians, the operational sex ratio (OSR) among the breeding population is usually male-biased. Also, in European green toads (Bufotes viridis), males usually outnumber females at breeding sites, while the sex ratio of the total adult population (ASR) is assumed to be balanced.