Association between Hepatic Venous Congestion and Adverse Outcomes after Cardiac Surgery.

Introduction: Hepatic venous flow patterns reflect pressure changes in the right ventricle and are also markers of systemic venous congestion. Fluid management is crucial in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Methods: Our goal was to determine which factors are associated with the increased congestion of the liver as measured by Doppler ultrasound in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.