Harnessing Biofabrication Strategies to Re-Surface Osteochondral Defects: Repair, Enhance, and Regenerate.

Osteochondral tissue (OC) is a complex and multiphasic system comprising cartilage and subchondral bone. The discrete OC architecture is layered with specific zones characterized by different compositions, morphology, collagen orientation, and chondrocyte phenotypes. To date, the treatment of osteochondral defects (OCD) remains a major clinical challenge due to the low self-regenerative capacity of damaged skeletal tissue, as well as the critical lack of functional tissue substitutes.

3D Tortuosity and Diffusion Characterization in the Human Mineralized Collagen Fibril Using a Random Walk Model.

Bone tissue is mainly composed at the nanoscale of apatite minerals, collagen molecules and water that form the mineralized collagen fibril (MCF). In this work, we developed a 3D random walk model to investigate the influence of bone nanostructure on water diffusion. We computed 1000 random walk trajectories of water molecules within the MCF geometric model.

A Proof of Concept Combined Using Mixed Reality for Personalized Neurorehabilitation of Cerebellar Ataxic Patients.

Background: Guidelines for degenerative cerebellar ataxia neurorehabilitation suggest intensive coordinative training based on physiotherapeutic exercises. Scientific studies demonstrate virtual exergaming therapeutic value. However, patient-based personalization, post processing analyses and specific audio-visual feedbacks are not provided.

A Comparative Study on a Novel Quality Assessment Protocol Based on Image Analysis Methods for Color Doppler Ultrasound Diagnostic Systems.

Color Doppler (CD) imaging is widely used in diagnostics since it allows real-time detection and display of blood flow superimposed on the B-mode image. Nevertheless, to date, a shared worldwide standard on Doppler equipment testing is still lacking. In this context, the study herein proposed would give a contribution focusing on the combination of five test parameters to be included in a novel Quality Assessment (QA) protocol for CD systems testing.

Artificial Intelligence in Thyroid Field-A Comprehensive Review.

Artificial intelligence (AI) uses mathematical algorithms to perform tasks that require human cognitive abilities. AI-based methodologies, e.g.

3D random walk model of diffusion in human Hypo- and Hyper- mineralized collagen fibrils.

Bone tissue is composed at the nanoscale of apatite minerals, collagen molecules and water that form the mineralized collagen fibril (MCF). Water has a crucial role in bone biomineralization. We developed a 3D random walk model to investigate the water diffusion process within the MCF for three different scenarios, namely low, intermediate and high mineral volume fraction.

Percolation networks inside 3D model of the mineralized collagen fibril.

Bone is a hierarchical biological material, characterized at the nanoscale by a recurring structure mainly composed of apatite mineral and collagen, i.e. the mineralized collagen fibril (MCF).

A 3D Model of the Effect of Tortuosity and Constrictivity on the Diffusion in Mineralized Collagen Fibril.

Bone tissue is a hierarchically structured material composed at the nanoscale by an organic matrix of collagen type I, apatite mineral and water. We considered an idealized 3D geometrical model of the mineralized collagen fibril in order to analyze the influence of structural factors, i.e.

3D diffusion model within the collagen apatite porosity: An insight to the nanostructure of human trabecular bone.

Bone tissue at nanoscale is a composite mainly made of apatite crystals, collagen molecules and water. This work is aimed to study the diffusion within bone nanostructure through Monte-Carlo simulations. To this purpose, an idealized geometric model of the apatite-collagen structure was developed.