Decoding Codon Bias: The Role of tRNA Modifications in Tissue-Specific Translation.

The tRNA epitranscriptome has been recognized as an important player in mRNA translation regulation. Our knowledge of the role of the tRNA epitranscriptome in fine-tuning translation via codon decoding at tissue or cell levels remains incomplete. We analyzed tRNA expression and modifications as well as codon optimality across seven mouse tissues.

Synthesis of 2-Amino-4-arylazulenes from 8-Aryl-2-cyclohepta[]furan-2-ones and Transformation into 6-Aryl-7-naphth[3,2,1-]azulen-7-ones.

2-Amino-4-arylazulene derivatives were prepared from 8-aryl-2-cyclohepta[]furan-2-ones, which were converted into 6-aryl-7-naphth[3,2,1-]azulen-7-ones through a several step process. The reaction of 8-aryl-2-cyclohepta[]furan-2-ones bearing an ester group at the 3-position with malononitrile in the presence of triethylamine afforded 2-amino-4-arylazulenes. The prepared 2-amino-4-arylazulenes were converted to the corresponding 2-chloro derivatives by the Sandmeyer reaction, which were subsequently transformed into 2,4-diarylazulenes by Suzuki-Miyaura coupling with various aryl boronic acids.

Allyl isothiocyanate suppressed periodontal tissue destruction in mice via bacteriostatic and anti-inflammatory activities against Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Objectives: Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is a phytochemical that is abundantly present in cruciferous vegetables, such as wasabi and mustard. Among its pharmacological properties, it demonstrates anticancer, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aimed to investigate the functions of AITC against periodontopathic bacteria and its effects on a mouse model of periodontitis.

Application of the Thermal Analysis of Frozen Aqueous Solutions to Assess the Miscibility of Hyaluronic Acid and Polymers Used for Dissolving Microneedles.

The combination of multiple polymers is anticipated to serve as a means to diversify the physical properties and functionalities of dissolving microneedles. The mixing state of components is considered as a crucial factor in determining their suitability. The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether thermal analysis of frozen aqueous solutions can appropriately predict the miscibility of hyaluronic acid (HA) and other polymers used for dissolving microneedles prepared by a micromolding method.

Correction: An amorphous CrGeTe/polyimide double-layer foil with an extraordinarily outstanding strain sensing ability.

Correction for 'An amorphous CrGeTe/polyimide double-layer foil with an extraordinarily outstanding strain sensing ability' by Yinli Wang , , 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4mh00616j.

An amorphous CrGeTe/polyimide double-layer foil with an extraordinarily outstanding strain sensing ability.

To realize a wearable health monitoring system, a piezoresistive material capable of detecting very small mechanical strains is needed. In this study, an amorphous CrGeTe thin film was deposited on a polyimide film by sputtering, and the piezoresistive properties were investigated. In experiments, the CrGeTe/polyimide double-layer foil exhibited an outstanding piezoresistive performance as evidenced by the appearance of self-healing cracks during tensile tests and a remarkably large gauge factor of 60 000 in resistance change measurements.

Physicochemical profiling of nanomedicines using centrifugal field flow fractionation.

Nanomedicines comprise multiple components, and particle density is considered an important property that regulates the biodistribution of administered nanomedicines. The density of nanoparticles is characterized by centrifugal methods, such as analytical ultracentrifugation. Particle size and distribution are key physicochemical and quality attributes of nanomedicines.

Cutting processability of metal-ion-containing cellulose nanofibril films by continuous wave laser.

Understanding the cutting processability of cellulose nanofibril (CNF) films by continuous wave laser is important for precise shape processing that closely follows the design pattern. In this study, laser cutting of films made of surface-carboxylated CNFs with various counterionic species was performed to explore the factors that control the cutting processability. The cut width and the thermally affected width are mainly controlled by the laser irradiation energy per unit length.

Translational response to mitochondrial stresses is orchestrated by tRNA modifications.

Mitochondrial stress and dysfunction play important roles in many pathologies. However, how cells respond to mitochondrial stress is not fully understood. Here, we examined the translational response to electron transport chain (ETC) inhibition and arsenite induced mitochondrial stresses.

Mechanical Characterization of Dissolving Microneedles: Factors Affecting Physical Strength of Needles.

Dissolving microneedles (MNs) are novel transdermal drug delivery systems that can be painlessly self-administered. This study investigated the effects of experimental conditions on the mechanical characterization of dissolving MNs for quality evaluation. Micromolding was used to fabricate polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based dissolving MN patches with eight different cone-shaped geometries.

Preliminary assessment of genetic variation in the Japanese endemic freshwater crab, , based on mitochondrial DNA sequences.

, a freshwater crab species endemic to Japan, has the largest distribution range amongst the 19 known species in the country. Due to its low dispersal capability and restricted habitat to freshwater, it serves as an excellent model for understanding gene flow between geographically isolated populations. In this study, we analysed the genetic relationships of 26 populations collected from different locations in the Japanese archipelago using two mitochondrial DNA regions - cytochrome oxidase subunit I ( and cytochrome b ().

Demonstration of Japanese radiographic examination codes in establishing typical values for a wide variety of general radiography examinations.

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate Japanese radiographic examination codes JJ1017 in establishing typical values for a wide variety of general radiography. About 200,000 sets of examination data were collected, including exposure conditions, JJ1017 code applied, examination room numbers and patient information. Typical values for adults, children, and infants were calculated from the collected data, and the following items were examined: comparing typical values of general radiography in Japan DRLs 2015 and typical values in a facility; comparison of typical values between X-ray equipment for examinations of DRLs 2015; comparison of typical values for different procedures at the same anatomical site; identification of examination items associated with high radiation doses.

Butyrate, Valerate, and Niacin Ameliorate Anaphylaxis by Suppressing IgE-Dependent Mast Cell Activation: Roles of GPR109A, PGE2, and Epigenetic Regulation.

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by the intestinal microbiota during the fermentation of dietary fibers as secondary metabolites. Several recent studies reported that SCFAs modulate the development and function of immune-related cells. However, the molecular mechanisms by which SCFAs regulate mast cells (MCs) remain unclear.

BayFlux: A Bayesian method to quantify metabolic Fluxes and their uncertainty at the genome scale.

Metabolic fluxes, the number of metabolites traversing each biochemical reaction in a cell per unit time, are crucial for assessing and understanding cell function. 13C Metabolic Flux Analysis (13C MFA) is considered to be the gold standard for measuring metabolic fluxes. 13C MFA typically works by leveraging extracellular exchange fluxes as well as data from 13C labeling experiments to calculate the flux profile which best fit the data for a small, central carbon, metabolic model.

Fabrication and Characterization of Dissolving Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery of Apomorphine Hydrochloride in Parkinson's Disease.

Purpose: We fabricated and characterized polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based dissolving microneedles (MNs) for transdermal drug delivery of apomorphine hydrochloride (APO), which is used in treating the wearing-off phenomenon observed in Parkinson's disease.

Methods: We fabricated MN arrays with 11 × 11 needles of four different lengths (300, 600, 900, and 1200 μm) by micromolding. The APO-loaded dissolving MNs were characterized in terms of their physicochemical and functional properties.

[Analysis of Preventive Cases Using Resilience Engineering in Radiotherapy Department].

Purpose: Resilience engineering is the ability of a system to adjust its own functions and maintain the required behavior in the face of changes and disturbances, and resilience potential is a necessary requirement. We aimed to clarify the relationship between resilience potential and error prevention cases.

Method: Based on the error cases reported in our department, we aggregated the relationship with resilience potential for each radiation treatment process.

Bivalent structure of a TNFR2-selective and agonistic TNF-α mutein Fc-fusion protein enhances the expansion activity of regulatory T cells.

Recently, TNF receptor type 2 (TNFR2) signaling was found to be involved in the proliferation and activation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), a subpopulation of lymphocytes that suppress immune responses. Tregs mediate peripheral immune tolerance, and the disruption of their functions causes autoimmune diseases or allergy. Therefore, cell expanders or regulators of Tregs that control immunosuppressive activity can be used to treat these diseases.

Improved Assessment of Soil Nonextractable Residues of the Pyrethroid Insecticide Cyphenothrin.

The metabolic fate of pyrethroid insecticide cyphenothrin () [()-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (1)---2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate] in soils was investigated using C-labeled (1)-/ isomers at the cyclopropane ring. Both isomers degraded with half-lives of 19.0-47.

Kaempferol Suppresses the Activation of Mast Cells by Modulating the Expression of FcεRI and SHIP1.

In the present study, we evaluated the effects of kaempferol on bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). Kaempferol treatment significantly and dose-dependently inhibited IgE-induced degranulation, and cytokine production of BMMCs under the condition that cell viability was maintained. Kaempferol downregulated the surface expression levels of FcεRI on BMMCs, but the mRNA levels of FcεRIα, β, and γ-chains were not changed by kaempferol treatment.