Diagnosing neurosyphilis: a case of confusion.

A Pakistani man aged 60 years presented with personality change, aggression, paranoid delusions and sexual disinhibition while being treated for severe chest sepsis in intensive care. Collateral history confirmed that these personality changes had been developing over the course of the previous 2 years. He was found to have positive syphilis serology during a routine confusion screen, and the possibility of neurosyphilis was raised.

Plasma insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) in male patients with osteoporosis and Klinefelter's syndrome.

Insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) is a peptide hormone produced in leydig cells of the testes. Its role in the adult male is unknown but INSL3 and its receptor RXFP2 have been linked to bone cell differentiation. It is speculated that low levels of INSL3 could be responsible for low bone mineral density in patients with primary osteoporosis and Klinefelter's Syndrome.