Effects of using montelukast during acute wheezing attack in hospitalized preschool children on the discharge rate and the clinical asthma score.

Background: In chronic asthma treatment, leukotriene receptor antagonists have been recommended, but it is not clear whether montelukast can be used in acute recurrent wheezing attacks in children.

Objective: To investigate the safety and effectiveness of oral montelukast in addition to standard treatment in hospitalized children aged between 6 and 72 months with acute recurrent wheezing attacks.

Method: One hundred patients aged between 6 and 72 months who had wheezing attacks with clinical asthma scores (CAS) ≥3 and were hospitalized were included in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial.

Oxidative stress markers, trace elements, and endocrine disrupting chemicals in children with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

In this study, we aimed to investigate whether bisphenol A (BPA) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure have any association with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and its biomarkers and to determine whether oxidative stress biomarkers and trace element levels showed any alterations in children with HT. We found that superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities are lower in HT group from control (24% and 46%, respectively,  < 0.05).

Effects of 25 hydroxy vitamin D levels on the severity and asthma control in school age asthma patients.

Background: The objective was to determine vitamin D levels in patients between the ages 6 and 18 years, followed for asthma, and the relation between vitamin D levels and asthma control and severity.

Materials And Methods: Patients with asthma and healthy volunteers between the ages 6 and 18 years were enrolled into the study as patient and control groups, respectively. Patient demographic information and clinical findings were recorded; a respiratory function test was performed.

Budesonide reduces hospital admission rates in preschool children with acute wheezing.

The object of this study was to determine whether high doses of inhaled budesonide provide additional benefits to a standardized treatment regimen that includes systemic steroids and salbutamol in preschool patients presented to the emergency department (ED) with acute wheezing attacks. Methods This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial was conducted in children, 6 months-6 years with moderate or severe acute wheezing epizode, as determined based on a pulmonary index score (PIS) of 7-13 points. We compared the addition of budesonide 3 mg versus placebo to standard acute asthma treatment, which included salbutamol and a single 1 mg/kg dose of methylprednisolone given at the beginning of therapy.

Choroidal Thickness in Childhood Obesity.

Background And Objective: To evaluate the effects of obesity on choroidal thickness (CT) in childhood.

Patients And Methods: Forty-four patients with obesity (study group) and 42 healthy children (control group) were enrolled in the study. Subjects underwent a complete ocular examination.

Iron parameters, pro-hepcidin and soluble transferrin receptor levels in obese children.

Background: Iron deficiency is common in obese children although the underlying mechanism is unclear. Several studies have investigated the relation between iron deficiency and obesity, but studies focusing on children are rare. The aim of this paper is to investigate the associations between iron parameters, pro-hepcidin and soluble transferrin receptor levels in obese children.

Ocular manifestations of Type 1 diabetes mellitus in pediatric population.

Context: To evaluate the necessity of ocular screening in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Aims: This study aims to investigate the diabetes-related ocular changes according to the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level and duration of diabetes in children and compare the results with nondiabetic healthy children.

Settings And Design: Observational cross-sectional study designed by ophthalmology and pediatric endocrinology clinics.

The effects of type 1 diabetes mellitus on cardiac functions in children: evaluation by conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiography.

Background: Several studies have pointed out the existence of cardiac dysfunction in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) even in the absence of ischemic, valvular, or hypertensive heart disease. The present study evaluated cardiac dysfunction and the relationship between severity of disease and degree of cardiac dysfunction in children with type 1 DM.

Methods: In this prospective study, 31 patients with type 1 DM and 33 sex- and age-matched healthy children were evaluated with conventional echocardiography and tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDE).

The evaluation of possible role of endocrine disruptors in central and peripheral precocious puberty.

Exposure to environmental chemicals can affect genetic and epigenetic molecular pathways and may cause altered growth and development. Among those exposures, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are of particular concern as humans are abundantly exposed to these chemicals by various means in every period of life. Several well-known environmental chemicals, including phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA), are classified as EDCs.

Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D level is not an independent risk factor for hepatosteatosis in obese children.

Background: Obesity is an important risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Few studies have evaluated the association between vitamin D and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children. Therefore, we conducted a study to examine the relationship of vitamin D levels and hepatosteatosis in obese children.

Anthropometric findings from birth to adulthood and their relation with karyotpye distribution in Turkish girls with Turner syndrome.

To evaluate the anthropometric features of girls with Turner syndrome (TS) at birth and presentation and the effect of karyotype on these parameters. Data were collected from 842 patients with TS from 35 different centers, who were followed-up between 1984 and 2014 and whose diagnosis age ranged from birth to 18 years. Of the 842 patients, 122 girls who received growth hormone, estrogen or oxandrolone were excluded, and 720 girls were included in the study.

Unilateral Ectrodactyly in a Newborn with Trisomy 18 Syndrome: An Unusual Association.

The case of a newborn male with trisomy 18 syndrome, having bilateral syndactyly, aplasia and hypoplasia of the foot digits, unilateral ectrodactyly of the left foot and a prominently dorsiflexed hallux, clenched hand with overlapping fingers and general hypertonia, is presented. There are only 5 cases of trisomy 18 syndrome associated with ectrodactyly in the literature. We present a case of trisomy 18 syndrome with unilateral ectrodactyly of the left foot, which is an infrequent association.

Evaluation of children presenting to the emergency room after electrical injury.

Background/aim: To evaluate children who presented to the Pediatric Emergency Department with electrical injury and to discuss the follow-up of these cases and potential precautions that can be taken.

Materials And Methods: A total of 36 patients presented to the Pediatric Emergency Department with electrical injury between May 2010 and May 2013, and these cases were investigated retrospectively. The patients' age and sex, location and form of exposure to electric current, seasonal distribution, length of hospital stay, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular system complications, renal damage, and treatments were recorded.

Turner syndrome and associated problems in Turkish children: a multicenter study.

Objective: Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal disorder caused by complete or partial X chromosome monosomy that manifests various clinical features depending on the karyotype and on the genetic background of affected girls. This study aimed to systematically investigate the key clinical features of TS in relationship to karyotype in a large pediatric Turkish patient population.

Methods: Our retrospective study included 842 karyotype-proven TS patients aged 0-18 years who were evaluated in 35 different centers in Turkey in the years 2013-2014.

Incidence of maternal vitamin D deficiency in a region of Ankara, Turkey: a preliminary study.

Background/aim: To evaluate vitamin D levels and risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in healthy newborns and their mothers.

Materials And Methods: Ninety-nine healthy pregnant women (≥ 37 weeks of gestation) were enrolled in the study. Previous history of pregnancies and births, nutritional status, multivitamin supplementation, educational status, type of clothing, and the economic level of the family were recorded.

Hypophosphatemic rickets caused by a novel splice donor site mutation and activation of two cryptic splice donor sites in the PHEX gene.

X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) is the most common inherited form of rickets. XLH is caused by inactivating mutations in the PHEX gene and is transmitted as an X-linked dominant disorder. We investigated PHEX mutation in a sporadic Turkish girl with hypophosphatemic rickets.

Cushing's syndrome: hidden risk in usage of topical corticosteroids.

Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome in children may occur as a result of the application of exogenous steroids. Prolonged use of powerful corticosteroids suppresses adrenal functions and iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome may develop particularly in infants who are given topical corticosteroids. We report here a case on three infants having Cushing's syndrome with similar clinical presentations due to overuse of topical steroids for diaper dermatitis.

Changes in growth pattern, leptin ghrelin and neuropeptide Y levels after adenotonsillectomy in prepubertal children.

Aim: The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate whether surgical treatment of adenotonsillar hypertrophy has an effect on growth patterns and circulating concentrations of leptin, ghrelin and neuropeptide Y, which are all significant in energy balance.

Materials And Methods: The study group consisted of 20 children who underwent tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy due to chronic adenotonsillar hypertrophy. The ages ranged from 4.

Congenital hypothyroidism presenting with postpartum bradycardia.

Congenital hypothyroidism is a clinical condition characterized by lack of thyroid hormone because of thyroid gland developmental and thyroid hormone biosynthesis disorders. The most common cause of permanent hypothyroidism is congenital factors. Prompt diagnosis is critical.

Assessment of ventricular functions by tissue Doppler echocardiography in children with asthma.

Patients with asthma develop pulmonary hypertension due to recurrent hypoxia and chronic inflammation, leading to right heart enlargement with ventricular hypertrophy. Patients with severe asthma can experience cor pulmonale later in life, but little is known about ventricular function during the early stages of the disease. This study aimed to investigate ventricular functions in asymptomatic children with asthma as detected by conventional echocardiography and tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDE).

Primary familial hypomagnesemia syndrome: a new approach in treatment.

Primary familial hypomagnesemia is a rare genetically determined disorder characterized by a selective defect in magnesium (Mg) absorption. Mutations of the transient receptor potential melastatin 6 (TRPM6) gene, which codes for TRPM6, the basic channel for intestinal Mg absorption and a new member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of cation channels, result in primary hypomagnesemia. Here we present a 14-year-old Turkish girl whose first symptoms manifested as neonatal tetany at 17 days old.

Neurodevelopmental evaluation of very low birth weight infants with transient hypothyroxinemia at corrected age of 18-24 months.

Objective: To perform neurodevelopmental evaluation at 18 to 24 months corrected age in very low birth infants (VLBW) with transient hypothyroxinemia.

Design: Cohort study.

Setting: Maternity teaching hospital.

Accelerated idioventricular rhythm associated with propranolol treatment in a child.

Accelerated idioventricular rhythm (AIVR) is a ventricular arrhythmia most commonly seen in adults with underlying cardiac disease. It is important to establish the diagnosis when it occurs to differentiate this benign phenomenon from dangerous ventricular tachycardia. We present the case of a healthy child who developed episodes of AIVR associated with propranolol treatment.