Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for Species Isolated from Clinical Samples in Romania.

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most important public health issues. Besides classical multidrug resistance species associated with medical care involved in superficial or invasive infections, there are strains less commonly associated with hospital or outpatient setting's infections. Non-diphtheria spp.

[Bacterial enteric pathogens' resistance to fluoroquinolones and last generation cephalosporines].

The increase of incidence of resistance to the antibiotics became the most worrisome subject within the clinical and research communities in the medical fields. Intrinsic resistance genetic mutations, horizontal transfer of mobile structures carrying genes coding for resistance to the antibiotics within the pan-microbial genome are representing the bacterial resistome which is bearing the genetic information regarding the defensive mechanisms developed by micro-organisms to protect themselves against antibiotics. Rice in the resistance of enteric bacteria, pathogens involved in a large number of human infections, to the cephalosporin of last generation and to the fluoroquinolones is a very actual subject in the medical area.

A multiple typing approach is recommended for the laboratory-based surveillance of salmonellosis in Romania.

In Romania, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates are currently typed by antimicrobial resistance profiles and phage typing, as part of the national laboratory-based surveillance system of human enteric infections. The aim of the present study was to assess the added value of complementing this approach with molecular fingerprinting, namely pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeats analysis (MLVA). Thirty-six S.

Phenotypic and molecular methods used for identification of oral streptococci and related microorganisms.

The oral cavity contains the greatest biodiversity, over 70 species being isolated from mouth mucosa, saliva, denture surfaces and/or dental-plaque. The oral streptococci, representing over 80% of the mouth micro flora, are able to synthesize glucosyl-transferases, enzymes involved in glucans production. Glucans are involved in production of an extracellular slime layer promoting adhesion and formation of a dental plaque biofilm.

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis associated to phage typing improves the discrimination of epidemiologically unrelated Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates.

A combination of phage typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of Xbal- and Blnl-digested chromosomal DNA has been used to study 18 epidemiologically unrelated human Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates, which were collected during 2007 within a single Romanian county. Phage typing could assign only four of the isolates to three definitive phage types (DT41, DT86, and DT116), the rest being untypable by this classical method. PFGE analysis of the double enzyme-digested DNA, performed in an attempt to further discriminate the strains, allowed the typing of all the studied isolates.

Laboratory diagnosis of infectious diarrhoea syndrome; a three years study in two hospitals of infectious diseases.

Infectious diarrhoea is a syndrome caused by a variety of bacterial, viral and parasitic organisms which represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world. The wide diversity of etiological agents impairs the surveillance and the diagnosis and affects the correct treatment applied to reduce the long-term complications. Besides well known enteric pathogens such as Salmonella, Shigella and Yersinia, a high number of emergent and re-emergent aetiologies are now recognised to be at the origin of diarrhoea.

Identification of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance qnr-like genes in Romanian clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

A collection of putative ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (119 isolates) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (122 isolates) originating from extraintestinal human specimens was screened for qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS-like genes by PCR. Seven K. pneumoniae isolates, which were resistant to ciprofloxacin, were detected as carrying qnrA1-like genes, while one K.

Virulence genotypes of Escherichia coli strains from bacteremia in relation to phylogeny.

Bacteremia is the principal way of dissemination of local infections to distant organs. Escherichia coli bacteremia is almost always clinically significant, suggesting an increased risk of developing sepsis syndrome. Fifty-one E.

Characteristics of Romanian fluoroquinolone-resistant human clinical Escherichia coli isolates.

Alarming progressive increase in the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli has been documented worldwide. Previous studies have suggested that many E. coli clinical isolates are actually low-virulence opportunists whose success derives more from antibiotic resistance than from pathogenic capability.

Molecular detection of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli isolates in stool samples from patients with diarrhea.

Despite its occurence as a commensal in the human intestine, Escherichia coli is also known as a versatile gastrointestinal pathogen. Identification of diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) requires the accurate discrimination of pathogenic strains from commensal flora, and this is not an easy task if the diagnostic tools are inadequate.