Pain Management Recommendation for Indonesian COVID-19 Patients by Indonesian Society of Anesthesiology for Pain Management (ISAPM).

Pain management is one of the main focuses on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients treatment. Based on the review, we make some pain management recommendations for Indonesian COVID-19 patients based on the Indonesian Society of Anesthesiology for Pain Management meeting. We follow some recommendations by health organizations and make some recommendations for general pain management and postoperative pain management for Indonesian COVID-19 patients including, the choice of analgesic, pain management post-operative, and personal protective equipment.

Establishing cleft services in developing countries: Complications of cleft lip and palate surgery in rural areas of Indonesia.

Background: Cleft treatment is frequently performed in Indonesia, mostly in charity missions, but without a postoperative protocol it is difficult to establish the risks and complications of cleft treatment. The present study was designed to give an overview of current cleft lip and palate treatment strategies in Indonesia and to assess the complication rates during and after surgery.

Methods: This prospective study evaluated anesthetic, intraoperative surgical, and short-term postoperative complications in patients undergoing primary, secondary, or corrective surgery for cleft lip and palate deformities.