Endotracheal intubation using a spiral endotracheal tube effectively reduces total tube handling time in children aged one month to six years using a McGrathTM video laryngoscope: a prospective randomized trial.

Background: Airway management in children is challenging because of the smaller size, different proportions of anatomical structures compared to adults, and a higher risk of hypoxemia. Efforts to improve the efficiency of pediatric intubation can be made by manually twisting a spiral endotracheal tube (ETT) using a flexible stylet to manipulate its shape and angle.

Methods: This controlled trial randomized fifty children aged one month to six years who underwent elective surgery under general anesthesia into two groups (spiral ETT [sETT] and no-stylet ETT/standard ETT).

Possible role of high calcium concentrations in rat neocortical neurons in inducing hyper excitatory behavior during emergence from sevoflurane: a proposed pathophysiology.

Sevoflurane has been shown to increase the incidence of emergence delirium in children; however, the mechanism remains unclear. Sevoflurane increases cytoplasmic calcium concentration which in turn may play a role in emergence delirium. This study aimed to investigate the level of intracellular calcium in rats experiencing hyperexcitatory behavior after exposure to sevoflurane, as well as the role of magnesium in preventing this phenomenon.

Perioperative Fluid Management in Paediatric Liver Transplantation: A Systematic Review.

Perioperative fluid management remains a challenging aspect of paediatric liver transplantation (LT) because of the risk of postoperative complications and haemodynamic instability. Limited research has specifically investigated the impact of fluid management and transfusion on mortality and morbidity in pediatric LT patients. This systematic review summarizes the evidence regarding perioperative fluid management and its clinical outcomes in paediatric LT patients.

Effectiveness of endotracheal intubation and mask ventilation procedural skills training on second-year student using modified Peyton's Four-Step approach during COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Airway emergency is the reason behind competency in mask ventilation and intubation skills for doctors. Procedural skills are taught through face-to-face training. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on the education system, including medical education.

Emergency separation of conjoined twins in a tertiary hospital in Indonesia: three case reports.

Background: Emergency separation of conjoined twins is performed when one twin is already dead or dying and threatens the survival of the other. The particular decision to perform an emergency separation of conjoined twins provides an ethical dilemma that needs special attention. Adding to the complexity of surgical and postsurgical management in emergency separation, ethical and sociocultural aspects further complicate decision-making.

Assessing clinical reasoning in airway related cases among anesthesiology fellow residents using Script Concordance Test (SCT).

Introduction: Clinical reasoning is a core competency for physicians. In the field of anesthesia, many situations require residents to use their clinical reasoning to make quick and appropriate decisions such as during emergency airway cases. The Script Concordance Test (SCT) is a test developed in recent years and validated that objectively assess clinical reasoning ability.

Comparison of Efficacy of Premedication between Dexmedetomidine and Midazolam Intranasal for the Prevention of Emergence Delirium in Children Undergoing Ophthalmic Surgery.

Objective: Emergence delirium (ED) is a condition that can occur when a child recovers from anaesthesia uncomfortably. ED can potentially injure children and indirectly discomforts parents. Various interventions were carried out to reduce ED, but there is no specific standard that has been established to prevent ED.

Efficacy of 0.5 mg/kg of propofol at the end of anesthesia to reduce the incidence of emergence agitation in children undergoing general anesthesia with sevoflurane.

Background And Aims: Emergence agitation (EA) is a common transient behavioral disturbance after inhalational anesthesia and may cause harm to the patient. This study evaluated the efficacy of 0.5 mg/kg of propofol administered at the end of anesthesia to reduce the incidence of EA in children undergoing general inhalational anesthesia.

Snapshot of emergency departments in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Objective: EDs in Indonesia face an unprecedented increase in patient influx after the expansion of national health insurance system coverage. The present study aims to describe EDs' characteristics and capabilities utilisation in Jakarta.

Methods: An ED inventory was created from the Jakarta Provincial Health Office and the Indonesian Hospital Association registries.

State of emergency medicine in Indonesia.

Objectives: As an emerging country with the fourth largest population in the world, Indonesia's purchasing power has strengthened, leading to socioeconomic changes that affect its healthcare system. Additionally, there is a surge of healthcare utilisation after the implementation of a new national insurance scheme, particularly within emergency departments. Similar to other low- to middle-income countries, Indonesia has not prioritised the progress of emergency medicine despite existing evidence that suggests that the early intervention of many acute conditions lowers the rates of morbidity and mortality.