The role of cadre in the community on diabetic retinopathy management and its challenges in low-middle income countries: a scoping review.

Introduction: Diabetes is a serious public health problem, with low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bearing over 80% of the burden. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most prevalent diabetic microvascular problems, and early diagnosis through eye screening programs for people with diabetes is critical to prevent vision impairment and blindness. Community-based treatments, including non-physician cadres have been recommended to enhance DR care.

Comparison of micropulse subthreshold laser plus anti-VEGF versus anti-VEGF alone in diabetic macular edema: Systematic review.

Intravitreal injection of anti- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)is commonly used to treat patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). However, the injection alone requires high cost and compliance. Combining micropulse subthreshold laser (MPSL) and anti-VEGF is a new approach to treating DME.

Efficacy of Prophylactic Anti-VEGF in Preventing Radiation Retinopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: In patients predisposed to radiation retinopathy (RR), administration of therapy after apparent clinical signs and symptoms are considered too late, resulting in substantial vision loss and blindness. Early initiation of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) might serve as a strategy to slow disease progression and prolong good eyesight.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic anti-VEGF in preventing RR and preserving vision in patients at high risk of radiation-induced vision loss.

Recurrence risk of myopic choroidal neovascularisation: a systematic review of current study.

Introduction: The rising prevalence of myopia is a concern in ophthalmology, with myopic choroidal neovascularisation (m-CNV) significantly affecting vision. However, long-term outcomes of m-CNV management have been unsatisfactory, leading to high recurrence rates. These studies aim to identify risk factors for m-CNV recurrence.

Incidence and clinical characteristic of ocular surface manifestation: an evaluation of conjunctival swab results in Corona Virus 2019 (COVID-19) patients in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the spectrum of ocular characteristics and viral presence in the conjunctival swab of patients with COVID-19.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, fifty-three patients were recruited from two COVID-19 referral hospitals in Jakarta (Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Persahabatan Hospital) from July 2020 to March 2021. The inclusion criteria were patients who were suspected of or confirmed cases of COVID-19 with or without ocular symptoms.

Pro re nata versus fixed aflibercept regimen for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Aflibercept is a relatively new anti-VEGF used to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effect of pro re nata (PRN) and fixed regimen (bimonthly) of aflibercept injection for neovascular AMD on visual outcomes at 12 months of follow-up.

Methods: We conducted a systematic search in PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science, EBSCOHost, and ClinicalTrials.

Atopobiosis and Dysbiosis in Ocular Diseases: Is Fecal Microbiota Transplant and Probiotics a Promising Solution?

Purpose: To highlight the role of atopobiosis and dysbiosis in the pathomechanism of autoimmune uveitis, therefore supporting fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) and probiotics as potential targeted-treatment for uveitis.

Methods: This review synthesized literatures upon the relation between gut microbiota, autoimmune uveitis, FMT, and probiotics, published from January 2001 to March 2021 and indexed in PubMed, Google Scholar, CrossRef.

Results: The basis of the gut-eye axis revolves around occurrences of molecular mimicry, increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, gut epithelial barrier disruption, and translocation of microbes to distant sites.

Pars-plana vitrectomy combined with retinectomy in severe open-globe injuries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: This review summarized prophylactic retinectomy technique and its effect on anatomic and functional outcomes in severe open globe injuries (OGIs).

Methods: A comprehensive search in PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Scopus, and EuropePMC databases was performed up until 8 January 2020. Enrolled studies include case series, studies involving pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with retinectomy in severe penetrating injuries with or without IOFB, perforating injuries, and globe ruptures.

Ganglion cells apoptosis in diabetic rats as early prediction of glaucoma: a study of Brn3b gene expression and association with change of quantity of NO, caspase-3, NF-κB, and TNF-α.

Aim: To find a new concept to show whether or not apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) can be determined in the histology of acute hyperglycemia in the role of expressed Brn3b gene related to nitric oxide (NO), caspase-3, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as an early predictor of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes and their associations.

Methods: Experimental study was carried out using adult male, white Sprague-Dawley rats aged ≥2mo, weighing 150-200 g. The animals were divided into two groups, one group receiving intraperitoneal injection of streptozotociz 50 mg/kg in 0.

Intravitreal ranibizumab versus dexamethasone implant in macular edema due to branch retinal vein occlusion: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Intravitreal ranibizumab (RNB) and dexamethasone intravitreal implant (DII) were developed in the recent past and has been widely used for macular edema secondary to BRVO. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of intravitreal ranibizumab (RNB) compared to dexamethasone intravitreal implant (DII) in patients with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).

Methods: We performed a comprehensive search on topics that assess RNB and DII in patients with macular edema secondary to BRVO from several electronic databases.

Statin reduces the incidence of diabetic retinopathy and its need for intervention: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: We aimed to perform a systematic literature search on the latest evidence of the role of statin in reducing diabetic retinopathy and its need for intervention.

Methods: A comprehensive search on cohort studies/clinical trials that assess statins and diabetic retinopathy up until August 2019 was performed. The outcome measured was the incidence of diabetic retinopathy and its need for intervention.

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale.

Correlation Between Vitreous Advanced Glycation End Products, and D-dimer with Blood HbA1c Levels in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.

Background: proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an advanced form of DR that eventually could lead to blindness. Levels of vitreous advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and D-dimer may reflect the pathological changes in the retina, but only few studies have assessed their correlation with blood hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels. This study aimed to find the association between blood HbA1c levels with vitreous AGEs and D-dimer levels in patients with proliferative DR.

RETINAL VASCULITIS ASSOCIATED WITH EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTION, A CASE REPORT.

Purpose: To report a case of retinal vasculitis associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection.

Methods: Case report.

Results: A 26-year-old woman came with blurry vision.