Shedding light on ai in radiology: A systematic review and taxonomy of eye gaze-driven interpretability in deep learning.

X-ray imaging plays a crucial role in diagnostic medicine. Yet, a significant portion of the global population lacks access to this essential technology due to a shortage of trained radiologists. Eye-tracking data and deep learning models can enhance X-ray analysis by mapping expert focus areas, guiding automated anomaly detection, optimizing workflow efficiency, and bolstering training methods for novice radiologists.

BmooMPα-I, a Metalloproteinase Isolated from Venom, Reduces Blood Pressure, Reverses Left Ventricular Remodeling and Improves Cardiac Electrical Conduction in Rats with Renovascular Hypertension.

BmooMPα-I has kininogenase activity, cleaving kininogen releasing bradykinin and can hydrolyze angiotensin I at post-proline and aspartic acid positions, generating an inactive peptide. We evaluated the antihypertensive activity of BmooMPα-I in a model of two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C). Wistar rats were divided into groups: Sham, who underwent sham surgery, and 2K1C, who suffered stenosis of the right renal artery.

Clinical and Laboratory Profile of People Living with HIV/AIDS with Oral Kaposi Sarcoma.

The aim of this article was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory profile of people with oral Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) associated with AIDS (KS-AIDS), followed-up at a public university hospital in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, in the past 10 years. We identified patients diagnosed with KS-AIDS, presenting oral manifestation from January 2007 to December 2017. We searched, in the hospital information systems, the patient demographics, diagnostic data, treatment, image studies, and oral photographic records.

Augmented situated visualization methods towards electromagnetic compatibility testing.

In electrical engineering, hardware experts often need to analyze electromagnetic radiation data to detect any external interference or anomaly. The field that studies this sort of assessment is called electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). As a way to support EMC analysis, we propose the use of Augmented Situated Visualization (ASV) to supply professionals with visual and interactive information that helps them to comprehend that data, however situating it where it is most relevant in its spatial context.

Altering the Stiffness, Friction, and Shape Perception of Tangible Objects in Virtual Reality Using Wearable Haptics.

Tangible objects are used in virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) to enhance haptic information on the general shape of virtual objects. However, they are often passive or unable to simulate rich varying mechanical properties. This article studies the effect of combining simple passive tangible objects and wearable haptics for improving the display of varying stiffness, friction, and shape sensations in these environments.

Diagnostic concordance between mobile interfaces and conventional workstations for emergency imaging assessment.

Introduction: Mobile devices and software are now available with sufficient computing power, speed and complexity to allow for real-time interpretation of radiology exams. In this paper, we perform a multivariable user study that investigates concordance of image-based diagnoses provided using mobile devices on the one hand and conventional workstations on the other hand.

Methods: We performed a between-subjects task-analysis using CT, MRI and radiography datasets.

A Case-Based Study with Radiologists Performing Diagnosis Tasks in Virtual Reality.

In radiology diagnosis, medical images are most often visualized slice by slice. At the same time, the visualization based on 3D volumetric rendering of the data is considered useful and has increased its field of application. In this work, we present a case-based study with 16 medical specialists to assess the diagnostic effectiveness of a Virtual Reality interface in fracture identification over 3D volumetric reconstructions.

Efficient Surgical Cutting with Position-Based Dynamics.

Simulations of cuts on deformable bodies have been an active research subject for more than two decades. However, previous works based on finite element methods and mass spring meshes cannot scale to complex surgical scenarios. This article presents a novel method that uses position-based dynamics (PBD) for mesh-free cutting simulation.

Designing a Vibrotactile Head-Mounted Display for Spatial Awareness in 3D Spaces.

Due to the perceptual characteristics of the head, vibrotactile Head-mounted Displays are built with low actuator density. Therefore, vibrotactile guidance is mostly assessed by pointing towards objects in the azimuthal plane. When it comes to multisensory interaction in 3D environments, it is also important to convey information about objects in the elevation plane.

Using Immersive Virtual Reality to Reduce Work Accidents in Developing Countries.

Thousands of people die or are injured in work accidents every year. Although the lack of safety equipment is one of the causes, especially in developing countries, behavioral issues caused by psychosocial factors are also to blame. This article introduces the use of immersive VR simulators to preventively reduce accidents in the workplace by detecting behavioral patterns that may lead to an increased predisposition to risk exposure.

Anatomic hepatectomy planning through mobile display visualization and interaction.

Hepatectomies are resections in which segments of the liver are extracted. While medical images are fundamental in the surgery planning procedure, the process of analysis of such images slice-by-slice is still tedious and inefficient. In this work we propose a strategy to efficiently and semi-automatically segment and classify patient-specific liver models in 3D through a mobile display device.

Efficient liver surgery planning in 3D based on functional segment classification and volumetric information.

Anatomic hepatectomies are resections in which compromised segments or sectors of the liver are extracted according to the topological structure of its vascular elements. Such structure varies considerably among patients, which makes the current anatomy-based planning methods often inaccurate. In this work we propose a strategy to efficiently and semi-automatically segment and classify patient-specific liver models in 3D.

Surgical model-view-controller simulation software framework for local and collaborative applications.

Purpose: Surgical simulations require haptic interactions and collaboration in a shared virtual environment. A software framework for decoupled surgical simulation based on a multi-controller and multi-viewer model-view-controller (MVC) pattern was developed and tested.

Methods: A software framework for multimodal virtual environments was designed, supporting both visual interactions and haptic feedback while providing developers with an integration tool for heterogeneous architectures maintaining high performance, simplicity of implementation, and straightforward extension.

Using the PhysX engine for physics-based virtual surgery with force feedback.

Background: The development of modern surgical simulators is highly challenging, as they must support complex simulation environments. The demand for higher realism in such simulators has driven researchers to adopt physics-based models, which are computationally very demanding. This poses a major problem, since real-time interactions must permit graphical updates of 30 Hz and a much higher rate of 1 kHz for force feedback (haptics).

An efficient dynamic point algorithm for line-based collision detection in real time virtual environments involving haptics.

In real time computer graphics, "interactivity" is limited to a display rate of 30 frames per second. However, in multimodal virtual environments involving haptic interactions, a much higher update rate of about 1 kHz is necessary to ensure continuous interactions and smooth transitions. The simplest and most efficient interaction paradigm in such environments is to represent the haptic cursor as a point.

Towards a virtual basic laparoscopic skill trainer (VBLaST).

Surgical skill training is a long and tedious process of acquiring fine motor skills. To overcome the drawbacks of the existing toolbox trainer systems, we develop, for the first time, a virtual basic laparoscopic skill trainer (VBLaST) whereby tasks, such as the ones available in the FLS toolbox system, may be performed on the computer.

Physics-based real time laparoscopic electrosurgery simulation.

While physics-based modeling of electrosurgical procedures is essential for most laparoscopic simulation systems, we present such a system for the first time in this paper. We have implemented a physics-based model of electrosurgery to control the temperature distribution on the tissue as a function of time. Then, we evaluate the algorithm within a complete graphics-haptics-physics-based system.

An efficient dynamic point algorithm for line-based collision detection in real time surgery simulation involving haptics.

In this paper, we introduce a novel "dynamic point" algorithm for computing the interaction of a line-shaped haptic cursor and polygonal surface models which has a near constant complexity. The algorithm is applied in laparoscopic surgery simulation for interaction of surgical instruments with physics-based deformable organ models.

Development of the VBLaST: a virtual basic laparoscopic skill trainer.

Background: The FLS training tool box has now been adopted by the Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) as an official training tool for minimally invasive procedures.

Methods: To overcome the limitations of the physical FLS training tool box, we have developed a Virtual Basic Laparoscopic Skill Trainer (VBLaSTTM) system, which is a 3D simulator that will allow trainees to acquire basic laparoscopic skill.

Results: The outcome of this work is the development of an integrated visio-haptic workstation environment including force feedback devices and a stereo display interface whereby trainees can practice on virtual versions of the FLS.

Efficient collision detection within deforming spherical sliding contact.

Handling the evolving permanent contact of deformable objects leads to a collision detection problem of high computing cost. Situations in which this type of contact happens are becoming more and more present with the increasing complexity of virtual human models, especially for the emerging medical applications. In this context, we propose a novel collision detection approach to deal with situations in which soft structures are in constant but dynamic contact, which is typical of 3D biological elements.