Development of fetal intestinal length during 2nd-trimester in normal and pathologic pregnancies.

Linear growth of the human fetal gastrointestinal tract is not often discussed in the literature, and little is known about the effects of chromosomal abnormalities and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) on intestinal length, especially during the 2nd trimester. Accurate evaluation of intestinal length and knowledge of normal and reference values are of clinical importance. For example, intestinal resection may be necessary in preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis or mid-gut volvulus, and the surgeon should use data to be judicious in the amount removed.

The number of CD68(+) (Hofbauer) cells is decreased in placentas with chorioamnionitis and with advancing gestational age.

Hofbauer cells are placental macrophages found in chorionic villous stroma; they express classic monocyte/macrophage markers, such as CD68. Little is known about their participation in placental disease and immunologic interactions at the placental interface. The aim of this study was to quantify the amount of Hofbauer cells in placentas complicated, or not, by chorioamnionitis and in placentas from different gestational ages.

The Stockholm classification of stillbirth.

Objective: To design and validate a classification system for audit groups working with stillbirth. The classification includes well-defined primary and associated conditions related to fetal death.

Design: Descriptive.