Reduction of Noise Levels During Caesarean Births Through Audiovisual Feedback is Associated With Lower Stress Levels for Patients.

Objective: Noise reduction during surgical procedures leads to improved surgical performance and results. The caesarean birth (CB) is an exceptional operation and a life changing experience. Through the introduction of staff education and implementation of audiovisual feedback, we intended to reduce noise, and subsequently reduce surgical complications and increase the well-being of patients and staff.

Food insecurity impacts diet quality and adherence to the gluten-free diet in youth with celiac disease.

Objectives: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune gastrointestinal disorder that requires a strict lifelong gluten-free diet (GFD). Gluten-free (GF) foods are more expensive and less readily accessible than gluten-containing foods, contributing to an increased risk for food insecurity (FI). The study aimed to determine associations between GF-FI, sociodemographic risk factors and child dietary adherence and diet quality (DQ).

Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in the Repair of Chondral Defects: How Well Do the Scores Relate to Each Other?

Introduction: In the repair of focal chondral defects, there are several patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) that are used to assess the patient's well-being. However, the question remains as to how well one scoring system relates to another, which may restrict the comparison of results from different studies. Therefore, we examined the strength of correlations between the Lysholm and KOOS scores.

DNA methylation controls stemness of astrocytes in health and ischaemia.

Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the mammalian brain and provide structural and metabolic support to neurons, regulate synapses and become reactive after injury and disease. However, a small subset of astrocytes settles in specialized areas of the adult brain where these astrocytes instead actively generate differentiated neuronal and glial progeny and are therefore referred to as neural stem cells. Common parenchymal astrocytes and quiescent neural stem cells share similar transcriptomes despite their very distinct functions.

Analyzing single-cell bisulfite sequencing data with MethSCAn.

Single-cell bisulfite sequencing (scBS) is a technique that enables the assessment of DNA methylation at single-base pair and single-cell resolution. The analysis of large datasets obtained from scBS requires preprocessing to reduce the data size, improve the signal-to-noise ratio and provide interpretability. Typically, this is achieved by dividing the genome into large tiles and averaging the methylation signals within each tile.

A Qualitative Analysis of Barriers to Evidence-Based Care in the Prehospital Management of Patients with Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Objectives: Prehospital electrocardiogram (ECG) and administration of aspirin are evidence-based strategies for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, emergency medical services (EMS) compliance in patients with suspected ACS varies widely. We sought to understand the barriers to prehospital ECG acquisition and aspirin administration for patients with suspected ACS.

The Impact of Chronic Oral Beta-Blocker Intake on Intravenous Bolus Landiolol Response in Hospitalized Intensive Care Patients with Sudden-Onset Supraventricular Tachycardia-A Post Hoc Analysis of a Cross-Sectional Trial.

Landiolol, a highly cardioselective agent with a short half-life (2.4-4 min), is commonly used as a perfusor or bolus application to treat tachycardic arrhythmia. Some small studies suggest that prior oral β-blocker use results in a less effective response to intravenous β-blockers.

Developing Ethics and Equity Principles, Terms, and Engagement Tools to Advance Health Equity and Researcher Diversity in AI and Machine Learning: Modified Delphi Approach.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technology design and development continues to be rapid, despite major limitations in its current form as a practice and discipline to address all sociohumanitarian issues and complexities. From these limitations emerges an imperative to strengthen AI and ML literacy in underserved communities and build a more diverse AI and ML design and development workforce engaged in health research.

Objective: AI and ML has the potential to account for and assess a variety of factors that contribute to health and disease and to improve prevention, diagnosis, and therapy.

Determinants of appropriate antibiotic and NSAID prescribing in unscheduled outpatient settings in the veterans health administration.

Background: Despite efforts to enhance the quality of medication prescribing in outpatient settings, potentially inappropriate prescribing remains common, particularly in unscheduled settings where patients can present with infectious and pain-related complaints. Two of the most commonly prescribed medication classes in outpatient settings with frequent rates of potentially inappropriate prescribing include antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In the setting of persistent inappropriate prescribing, we sought to understand a diverse set of perspectives on the determinants of inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics and NSAIDs in the Veterans Health Administration.

Long-term prospective outcome data using EndoPredict as risk stratification and chemotherapy decision biomarker in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative early breast cancer.

Purpose: To report the prospective long-term outcome data of patients whose chemotherapy decision was guided by the EndoPredict test.

Methods: Patients with hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative early breast cancer with 0-3 positive lymph nodes were enrolled. The EndoPredict test was carried out on all tumor samples.

A randomized controlled trial demonstrating sustained benefit of autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC) over microfracture: 10-year follow-up.

Purpose: Autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC) and microfracture are established treatments for focal chondral defects in the knee, but there are little clinical data concerning these procedures over the long term. This study evaluates the outcomes of AMIC compared to microfracture over 10-year follow-up.

Methods: Forty-seven patients were randomized and treated either with MFx (n = 13), sutured AMIC (n = 17) or glued AMIC (n = 17) in a prospective, randomized, controlled multicentre trial.

Measuring gender in elementary school-aged children in the United States: Promising practices and barriers to moving beyond the binary.

How gender identity is assessed directly shapes how students are supported in elementary schools in the United States. Despite the existence of gender diversity, calls for more inclusive science, and recommendations from national research associations and societies to incorporate and emphasize the voices of individuals with diverse gender identities, most studies exploring gender disparities in education have relied heavily on the assumption of a gender binary. As a result, the omission of diverse gender identities from educational research in the elementary years is troubling.

Correction: Comparison of Four Active SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance Strategies in Representative Population Sample Points: Two-Factor Factorial Randomized Controlled Trial.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/44204.].

Simple but powerful interactive data analysis in R with R/LinekdCharts.

In research involving data-rich assays, exploratory data analysis is a crucial step. Typically, this involves jumping back and forth between visualizations that provide overview of the whole data and others that dive into details. For example, it might be helpful to have one chart showing a summary statistic for all samples, while a second chart provides details for points selected in the first chart.

Lung endothelium exploits susceptible tumor cell states to instruct metastatic latency.

In metastasis, cancer cells travel around the circulation to colonize distant sites. Due to the rarity of these events, the immediate fates of metastasizing tumor cells (mTCs) are poorly understood while the role of the endothelium as a dissemination interface remains elusive. Using a newly developed combinatorial mTC enrichment approach, we provide a transcriptional blueprint of the early colonization process.

Epileptic activity triggers rapid ROCK1-dependent astrocyte morphology changes.

Long-term modifications of astrocyte function and morphology are well known to occur in epilepsy. They are implicated in the development and manifestation of the disease, but the relevant mechanisms and their pathophysiological role are not firmly established. For instance, it is unclear how quickly the onset of epileptic activity triggers astrocyte morphology changes and what the relevant molecular signals are.

Cellular development and evolution of the mammalian cerebellum.

The expansion of the neocortex, a hallmark of mammalian evolution, was accompanied by an increase in cerebellar neuron numbers. However, little is known about the evolution of the cellular programmes underlying the development of the cerebellum in mammals. In this study we generated single-nucleus RNA-sequencing data for around 400,000 cells to trace the development of the cerebellum from early neurogenesis to adulthood in human, mouse and the marsupial opossum.

Altruism and anti-anthropocentrism shape individual choice intentions for pro-environmental and ethical meat credence attributes.

Food consumption patterns are changing as consumers are becoming more aware and interested in sustainable and ethical food production practices. The growing disconnect between primary (livestock) agriculture and society reinforces the importance of research examining the motivations behind consumer purchase behaviors. However, evidence that links latent consumer psychometric factors and observed heterogeneity in concerns for agriculture to individual food purchase intentions remains scarce.

Adapting Cognitive Task Analysis Methods for Use in a Large Sample Simulation Study of High-Risk Healthcare Events.

Cognitive task analysis (CTA) methods are traditionally used to conduct small-sample, in-depth studies. In this case study, CTA methods were adapted for a large multi-site study in which 102 anesthesiologists worked through four different high-fidelity simulated high-consequence incidents. Cognitive interviews were used to elicit decision processes following each simulated incident.