Continued versus discontinued oxytocin stimulation in the active phase of labour (CONDISOX): individual management based on artificial intelligence - a secondary analysis.

Background: Current guidelines regarding oxytocin stimulation are not tailored to individuals as they are based on randomised controlled trials. The objective of the study was to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model for individual prediction of the risk of caesarean delivery (CD) in women with a cervical dilatation of 6 cm after oxytocin stimulation for induced labour. The model included not only variables known when labour induction was initiated but also variables describing the course of the labour induction.

Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence to Predict Potentially Preventable Hospitalizations: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Denmark.

Background: The increasing aging population and limited health care resources have placed new demands on the healthcare sector. Reducing the number of hospitalizations has become a political priority in many countries, and special focus has been directed at potentially preventable hospitalizations.

Objectives: We aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) prediction model for potentially preventable hospitalizations in the coming year, and to apply explainable AI to identify predictors of hospitalization and their interaction.

Effects of a transitional care intervention on readmission among older medical inpatients: a quasi-experimental study.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of a transitional care intervention (TCI) on readmission among older medical inpatients.

Methods: This non-randomised quasi-experimental study was conducted at Horsens Regional Hospital in Denmark from 1 February 2017 to 31 December 2018. Inclusion criteria were patients ≥ 75 years old admitted for at least 48 h.

Interventions to Prevent Potentially Avoidable Hospitalizations: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review.

Background: The demand for healthcare is increasing due to an aging population, more people living with chronic diseases and medical comorbidities. To manage this demand, political institutions call for action to reduce the potentially avoidable hospitalizations. Quantitative and qualitative aspects should be considered to understand how and why interventions work, and for whom.

Healthcare Use in the Five Years Before a First Infertility Diagnosis: A Danish Register-Based Case-Control Study in the CROSS-TRACKS Cohort.

Purpose: Infertility may affect somatic and mental health later in life. Nevertheless, health status before diagnosed infertility is sparsely studied in women. We aimed to describe healthcare use in primary and secondary care before a first infertility diagnosis and compare use between cases and controls.

Dietary folate intake and fecundability in two preconception cohorts.

Study Question: To what extent is dietary folate intake and total folate intake (dietary and supplemental intakes) associated with fecundability, the per cycle probability of conception?

Summary Answer: Preconception dietary folate intake was positively associated with fecundability in a monotonic pattern.

What Is Known Already: Supplemental folic acid has been associated with improved fertility, but little is known about the relation between dietary folate and fecundability.

Study Design, Size, Duration: A prospective cohort study including 9559 women trying to conceive without fertility treatment and enrolled in the period 2013-2020.

The Framing of machine learning risk prediction models illustrated by evaluation of sepsis in general wards.

Problem framing is critical to developing risk prediction models because all subsequent development work and evaluation takes place within the context of how a problem has been framed and explicit documentation of framing choices makes it easier to compare evaluation metrics between published studies. In this work, we introduce the basic concepts of framing, including prediction windows, observation windows, window shifts and event-triggers for a prediction that strongly affects the risk of clinician fatigue caused by false positives. Building on this, we apply four different framing structures to the same generic dataset, using a sepsis risk prediction model as an example, and evaluate how framing affects model performance and learning.

Reduction of Myocardial Infarction and All-Cause Mortality Associated to Statins in Patients Without Obstructive CAD.

Objectives: The aim of this work was to evaluate the prognostic impact of statin therapy in symptomatic patients without obstructive CAD.

Background: Information on the prognostic impact of post-coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) statin use in patients with no or nonobstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) is sparse.

Methods: Patients undergoing CTA with suspected CAD in western Denmark from 2008 to 2017 with <50% coronary stenoses were identified.

Risk of asbestosis, mesothelioma, other lung disease or death among motor vehicle mechanics: a 45-year Danish cohort study.

Introduction: The risk of asbestosis, malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer among motor vehicle mechanics is of concern because of potential exposure to chrysotile asbestos during brake, clutch and gasket repair and maintenance. Asbestos has also been used in insulation and exhaust systems.

Methods: We examined the long-term risk of incident mesothelioma, lung cancer, asbestosis and other lung diseases and mortality due to mesothelioma, lung cancer, asbestosis and other lung diseases in a nationwide cohort of all men registered as motor vehicle mechanics since 1970 in Denmark.

Cohort profile: CROSS-TRACKS: a population-based open cohort across healthcare sectors in Denmark.

Purpose: This paper describes the open cohort CROSS-TRACKS, which comprises population-based data from primary care, secondary care and national registries to study patient pathways and transitions across sectors while adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics.

Participants: A total of 221 283 individuals resided in the four Danish municipalities that constituted the catchment area of Horsens Regional Hospital in 2012-2018. A total of 96% of the population used primary care, 35% received at least one transfer payment and 66% was in contact with a hospital at least once in the period.

Rheumatoid Arthritis as a Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Calcification and Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Chest Pain: A Registry Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: To examine the occurrence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared to non-RA patients in a population referred for coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) due to chest pain.

Patients And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 46,210 patients from a national CTA database were included. Patients with RA were stratified on serology, treatment with conventional synthetic or biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and the need for relapse or flare treatment with intraarticular or -muscular glucocorticoid injections (GCIs).

The association of serum lipid levels with colorectal cancer recurrence.

Background: Biologic and epidemiologic evidence suggests that tumor cells depend on reprogrammed lipid metabolic function for survival and growth. Lipids may promote tumor recurrence by providing energy needed for proliferation. Studies have found associations of serum lipids with cancer incidence, mortality, and disease-free mortality, though they have yet to evaluate the prognostic potential of serum lipids for colorectal cancer (CRC) recurrence.

Application of the Adaptive Validation Substudy Design to Colorectal Cancer Recurrence.

Background: Among men and women diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC), 20-50% will develop a cancer recurrence. Cancer recurrences are not routinely captured by most population-based registries; however, linkage across Danish registries allows for the development of predictive models to detect recurrence. Successful application of such models in population-based settings requires validation against a gold standard to ensure the accuracy of recurrence identification.

Seasonal patterns in fecundability in North America and Denmark: a preconception cohort study.

Study Question: To what extent does fecundability vary across seasons?

Summary Answer: After accounting for seasonal patterns in pregnancy planning, we observed higher fecundability in the fall and lower fecundability in the spring, particularly at lower latitudes.

What Is Known Already: In human populations, there are strong seasonal patterns of births that vary across geographic regions and time periods. However, previous studies of seasonality and fecundity are limited because they examine season of birth rather than season of conception and therefore neglect to account for seasonal variation in initiating attempts to conceive or pregnancy loss or differences in gestational length.

Risk of major adverse cardiovascular events among patients with rheumatoid arthritis after initial CT-based diagnosis and treatment.

Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a known risk factor for developing coronary artery disease (CAD). The influence of RA on the prognosis after initial CAD diagnosis and treatment is however largely unknown. We examined the risk of major cardiovascular events among RA and non-RA patients with chest pain referred to cardiac CT.

Nitrosatable drug exposure during pregnancy and risk of stillbirth.

Purpose: Nitrosatable drugs can react with nitrite in the stomach and form N-nitroso compounds. Exposure to nitrosatable drugs has been associated with congenital malformations and preterm birth, but use during pregnancy as a cause of fetal death is not well-known. We examined if prenatally nitrosatable drug use is associated with risk of stillbirth.

Risk stratification by assessment of coronary artery disease using coronary computed tomography angiography in diabetes and non-diabetes patients: a study from the Western Denmark Cardiac Computed Tomography Registry.

Aims: We examined whether severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) measured by coronary computed tomography angiography can be used to predict rates of myocardial infarction (MI) and death in patients with and without diabetes.

Methods And Results: A cohort study of consecutive patients (n = 48 731) registered in the Western Denmark Cardiac Computed Tomography Registry from 2008 to 2016. Patients were stratified by diabetes status and CAD severity (no, non-obstructive, or obstructive).

Validating registry data on statins prescriptions by blood measurements.

Purpose: To validate prescription registry data as a measurement of adherence to statins through a direct method using assays for selected statins in serial blood samples collected from two prospective cohorts of Danish colorectal cancer patients.

Methods: We linked information on statin prescriptions from the Aarhus University Prescription Database with the cancer cohorts from Aalborg University Hospital. For statin-prescribed patients, we calculated a prescription window covering the anticipated duration of the prescription.

Fecundability among Danish women with a history of miscarriage: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: To examine the association between history of miscarriage and fecundability (the cycle-specific probability of conception).

Design: Nationwide prospective cohort study using web-based questionnaires.

Setting: Denmark, 2007-2012.

Does low risk of infections as a marker of effective immunity predict increased risk of subsequent giant cell arteritis or polymyalgia rheumatica? A Danish population-based case-control study.

Objective: It has been suggested that a hyper-effective immune system ("hyper-immunity") is central to the pathogenesis of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica (GCA/PMR). We examined if a low risk of infections, as a marker of hyper-immunity, can predict increased subsequent risk of GCA/PMR.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a population-based case-control study including all patients aged ≥50 years with incident GCA/PMR diagnosed between 1997 and 2012 in Northern Denmark.

Coronary CT Angiographic and Flow Reserve-Guided Management of Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease.

Background: Clinical outcomes following coronary computed tomography-derived fractional flow reserve (FFR) testing in clinical practice are unknown.

Objectives: This study sought to assess real-world clinical outcomes following a diagnostic strategy including first-line coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) with selective FFR testing.

Methods: The study reviewed the results of 3,674 consecutive patients with stable chest pain evaluated with CTA and FFR testing to guide downstream management in patients with intermediate stenosis (30% to 70%).

The potential impact of paternal age on risk of asthma in childhood: a study within the Danish National Birth Cohort.

Background: Advanced paternal age has been associated with offspring morbidity and mortality, possibly due to de novo mutations and epigenetic changes in male germ cells. Epigenetic changes in the cord blood cells have been linked to asthma symptoms in offspring, but the role of paternal age has been less studied.

Methods: From the Danish National Birth Cohort, 48,785 children who completed the 7-year follow-up were included.

Impact of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in First Complete Remission in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A National Population-Based Cohort Study.

To examine the outcomes of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in first complete remission (CR1) compared with chemotherapy alone in a population-based setting, we identified a cohort of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) aged 15 to 70 years diagnosed between 2000 and 2014 in Denmark. Using the Danish National Acute Leukemia Registry, we compared relapse risk, relapse-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) between patients with unfavorable cytogenetic features receiving postremission therapy with conventional chemotherapy only versus those undergoing HSCT in CR1. To minimize immortal time bias, we performed Cox proportional hazards regression, included date of allogeneic HSCT as a time-dependent covariate, and stratified the results by age (<60 or ≥60 years) and cytogenetic risk group.

Dietary Fat Intake and Fecundability in 2 Preconception Cohort Studies.

The association between dietary fat and fertility is not well studied. We evaluated intakes of total fat, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids (TFA), ω-3 fatty acids, and ω-6 fatty acids in relation to fecundability in Danish and North American preconception cohort studies. Women who were attempting to become pregnant completed a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline.

Descriptive characteristics of colon and rectal cancer recurrence in a Danish population-based study.

Background: Recurrence is a common outcome among patients that have undergone an intended curative resection for colorectal cancer. However, data on factors that influence colorectal cancer recurrence are sparse. We report descriptive characteristics of both colon and rectal cancer recurrence in an unselected population.