Complications in translabyrinthine surgery of vestibular schwannoma.

Objective: To evaluate the risk of complications associated with tumor size and patient's age in translabyrinthine vestibular schwannoma surgery.

Methods: 700 patients with vestibular schwannoma primarily underwent translabyrinthine surgery between 1988 and 2014. Pre- and postoperative data were collected in a database and incidence of the postoperative complications cerebrospinal fluid leakage, meningitis, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), facial nerve function and mortality were assessed and related to the tumor size and patient's age and retrospectively evaluated.

Auditory brainstem implants (ABIs)--20 years of clinical experience in Uppsala, Sweden.

Conclusions: Even though sound perception may be limited after treatment with an auditory brainstem implant (ABI), it provides benefits and should be selectively offered to patients. Importantly the patients must be motivated, given reasonable expectations of outcome and offered long-term rehabilitation with a considerable 'learn to listen' period with the implant device.

Objectives: To describe the clinical experiences and results of 24 ABI surgeries performed in Uppsala University Hospital between 1993 and 2013.

Distribution of pejvakin in human spiral ganglion: An immunohistochemical study.

Up to 10% of permanent hearing impairments in children originate from lesions in the neuronal auditory pathway. This form of auditory neuron injury called auditory neuropathy features a preservation of outer hair cell integrity but an impaired inner hair cell function and/or neuronal transmission. DFNB59 gene encodes the protein pejvakin (PJVK) and its mutations cause autosomal recessive auditory neuropathy as well as other forms of sensorineural hearing loss.

Surgical treatment of adult cholesteatoma: long-term follow-up using total reconstruction procedure without staging.

Conclusions: A total of 330 cases of adult cholesteatoma were operated with canal-wall down (CWD) and total reconstruction procedure (TRP) without staging. Independent of preoperative middle ear conditions, cholesteatoma extent and localization, long-term improvement of hearing with a low incidence of residual and recurrent disease were achieved.

Objectives: To evaluate long-term surgical and hearing results using a well-defined surgical technique without staging in adult cholesteatoma.

Human cochlea: anatomical characteristics and their relevance for cochlear implantation.

This is a review of the anatomical characteristics of human cochlea and the importance of variations in this anatomy to the process of cochlear implantation (CI). Studies of the human cochlea are essential to better comprehend the physiology and pathology of man's hearing. The human cochlea is difficult to explore due to its vulnerability and bordering capsule.

Surgical treatment of paediatric cholesteatoma: long-term follow up in comparison with adults.

Objective: This study was designed to analyse long-term results after surgery of acquired (ACH) and congenital cholesteatoma (CCH) of the middle ear in children and compare these with adults.

Methods: Computer-based analysis of consecutively operated paediatric patients for ACH and CCH in a tertiary referral centre was made in 57 cases under the age of 12 operated 1983-2004 by three surgeons using identical technique. A canal wall down and total reconstruction procedure (TRP) with obliteration of the mastoid cavity, canal wall reconstruction, ossiculoplasty with consistent use of autologous bone and an "aeration enhancement procedure" (AEP) with silicon sheet in selected cases were used.

Distribution of P75 neurotrophin receptor in adult human cochlea--an immunohistochemical study.

Mechanisms underlying the unique survival property of human spiral neurons are yet to be explored. P75 (p75(NTR)) is a low affinity receptor for neurotrophins and is known to interact with Trk receptors to modulate ligand binding and signaling. Up-regulation of this receptor was found to be associated with apoptosis as well as with cell proliferation.

Anatomy of the human cochlea--implications for cochlear implantation.

Since the classical description by Retzius in 1884, many extensive studies of the micro-anatomy of the human cochlea have been presented. The human cochlea is one of the most difficult tissues to study due to the bony capsule and its delicate contents. Most preparations suffer from post-mortem changes caused by the delay between demise and fixation.

Expression of TrkB and BDNF in human cochlea-an immunohistochemical study.

Surgical human cochlear specimens were obtained during the removal of large posterior cranial fossa meningioma by a transcochlear approach in which the cochlea was removed for maximal exposure of the tumor and protection of important structures, such as the brainstem, cranial nerves, and pivotal blood vessels. The cochlear tissue was fixed and cryo-sectioned for tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) immunohistochemistry. TrkB receptor protein was expressed in both neuronal somata and the processes of human spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs).

Expression of myelin basic protein in the human auditory nerve - an immunohistochemical and comparative study.

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyse the expression and distribution of myelin basic protein (MBP or Myelin A1 protein) in the human spiral ganglion and auditory nerve.

Materials And Methods: Cryostat sections were made from freshly fixed human cochlear specimens removed at surgery in patients with life-threatening petro-clival meningiomas compressing the brain stem. The sections were subjected to immunohistochemistry using antibodies against MBP, S-100 and Tubulin.

Expression of peripherin in human cochlea.

The organ of Corti contains two different types of auditory receptors; the inner (IHCs) and outer (OHCs) hair cells. This dualism is further represented in their innervation, IHCs being innervated by type I neurons, and OHCs by type II neurons (in man, named small ganglion cells). Two efferent systems are also present.

Surgical treatment of patients with facial neuromas--a report of 26 consecutive operations.

Objective: To analyze surgical treatment and outcome in patients with facial neuromas at a tertiary referral hospital.

Study Design: A chart review of 26 patients treated between 1971 and 2006, with questionnaire follow-up ranging from 2 to 19 years. All patients except one were operated with radical tumor removal approaches.

Unique expression of connexins in the human cochlea.

Mutations in the genes GJB2 and GJB6, which encode the proteins Connexin 26 (Cx26) and Connexin 30 (Cx30), have been linked to nonsyndromic prelingual deafness in humans. These proteins may form so-called gap junctions (GJ) or transcellular pathways between cells. The pathogenesis of deafness due to GJ Connexin mutations remains unclear partly because examinations performed in the human ear are infrequent.

Ultrastructure of the normal human organ of corti. new anatomical findings in surgical specimens.

Conclusion: A thorough scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation of immediately fixed human adult cochleae obtained during surgery for petro-clival meningiomas conveyed new information about morphology.

Objective: To investigate the ultrastructure of human adult cochleae using SEM.

Material And Methods: Two human cochleae were decalcified, fixed with glutaraldehyde and osmium and prepared for SEM.

The human spiral ganglion: new insights into ultrastructure, survival rate and implications for cochlear implants.

This study was based on high-resolution SEM assessment of freshly fixed, normal-hearing, human inner ear tissue. In addition, semiquantitative observations were made in long-term deafened temporal bone material, focusing on the spiral ganglia and nerve projections, and a detailed study of the fine bone structure in macerated tissues was performed. Our main findings detail the presence of extensive bony fenestrae surrounding the nerve elements, permitting a relatively free flow of perilymph to modiolar structures.

Regeneration of human auditory nerve. In vitro/in video demonstration of neural progenitor cells in adult human and guinea pig spiral ganglion.

Time lapse video recordings of cultured adult human and guinea pig spiral ganglion (hSG and gpSG) show that mitogen responsive progenitor/stem cells develop in the form of spheres that proliferate and differentiate into mature neurons and glia cells. Neurospheres, cultured with EGF and bFGF showed expression of nestin and incorporation of 5'-Bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU). Newly formed BrdU labelled cells were positive for beta-tubulin, and also for GFAP demonstrating that neuronal cells were derived from a dividing population of progenitor cells.

High resolution scanning electron microscopy of the human organ of Corti. A study using freshly fixed surgical specimens.

Scanning electron microscopy on immediately fixed human cochleae obtained during surgery for life-threatening petro-clival meningioma showed excellently preserved morphology. We compared the morphological findings with those from transmission electron microscopic sections of well preserved human and animal tissue. The characteristics of neural innervation, the pathways of the nerves through the organ of Corti and the intimate relation of nerves to supporting cells along their route could be studied in detail.