Topography of the pelvic autonomic nerves - an anatomical study to facilitate nerve-preserving total mesorectal excision.

Introduction: Urogenital dysfunction caused by iatrogenic injury to the autonomic nerves persists as a common complication of rectal cancer surgery. This study aims to investigate the relationship between autonomic nerves and the 'holy plane' with the intention of identifying hazardous sites at which urogenital dysfunction may occur.

Patients And Methods: Dissection of the 'holy plane' and preparation of the autonomic nerves were performed on -embalmed bodies.

Optico-carotid recess and anterior clinoid process pneumatization â€" proposal for a novel classiï¬cation and uniï¬ed terminology: an anatomic and radiologic study.

Background: The aims of this study were to propose a novel and uniï¬ed classiï¬cation system of the optico-carotid recess (OCR) and anterior clinoid process (ACP) pneumatization, determine their frequency in a Caucasian population and measure the size of the OCR.

Methodology: A total of 200 specimen (400 sphenoid sinuses) were evaluated in a separate anatomic cadaveric study (n=100) and radiologic study (n=100) by using sphenoidal sinus cast and computed tomography (CT) scan. OCR was divided according to its location to the optic nerve into sub-optical and latero-optical OCR grade I-III.

Prevention of Progression of Lipedema With Liposuction Using Tumescent Local Anesthesia: Results of an International Consensus Conference.

Background: Lipedema is a chronic, progressive disorder of subcutaneous adipose tissue that usually affects the lower extremities of women. Also known as "two-body syndrome," the fat accumulations in lipedema are unsightly and painful. The disorder is well-known in Europe but is largely unrecognized and underdiagnosed in the United States.

Detailed vascular anatomy of the medial femoral condyle and the significance of its use as a free flap.

Objective: The aim of this study is to provide detailed information on the arterial variations of the descending geniculate artery (DGA) for the harvest of a cortico-periostal flap from the medial femoral condyle and a fascio-cutaneous perforator flap with its respective pedicles.

Material And Methods: A total of 50 lower limbs from embalmed cadavers were dissected. The distribution pattern, length, and diameter of the DGA, saphenous artery (SA), muscular, periostal, and articular branches, and their concomitant veins were measured and evaluated.

The External Nose: The Nasal Arteries and Their Course in Relation to the Nasolabial Fold and Groove.

Background: The blood supply to the external nose is poorly described. The aim of this study was to identify the different types of blood supply to the external nose and the course of the arteries in relation to the nasolabial fold and groove and to the facial muscles.

Methods: With 96 facial halves of 48 adult specimens, the arteries of the outer nose were dissected, and three-dimensional computed tomographic reconstructions and horizontal sections were made.

The fascial suspension of the prostate: A cadaveric study.

Aims: Analysis and description of the supporting fascial structure around the prostate and urethra, which needs to be preserved or restored during radical prostatectomy (RP).

Methods: Anatomical dissection of 10 male cadavers was performed and the supporting fascial structures of bladder neck, prostate, and proximal urethra were investigated. The cadavers were embalmed according to Thiel's method, which preserves a natural texture and color of tissues.

The Facial Artery-The Main Blood Vessel for the Anterior Face?

Background: The facial artery is said to be the main vessel for the blood supply of the anterior face. However, its course is quite often not as described in the textbooks.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to find out the different courses of the facial artery, its anastomoses, and its position in relation to the fat compartments of the face.

Chondrocyte cultures from human proximal interphalangeal finger joints.

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hand is a common disease resulting in pain and impaired function. The pathogenesis of hand OA (HOA) is elusive and models to study it have not been described. Chondrocyte culture has been essential to understand cartilage degeneration, which is a hallmark of OA.

Subcutaneous fat patterning in athletes: selection of appropriate sites and standardisation of a novel ultrasound measurement technique: ad hoc working group on body composition, health and performance, under the auspices of the IOC Medical Commission.

Background: Precise and accurate field methods for body composition analyses in athletes are needed urgently.

Aim: Standardisation of a novel ultrasound (US) technique for accurate and reliable measurement of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT).

Methods: Three observers captured US images of uncompressed SAT in 12 athletes and applied a semiautomatic evaluation algorithm for multiple SAT measurements.

The premaxillary space: a location for filler injection?

Background: A four-layer fat structure is found in the anterior cheek region. The deepest of these fat layers is the premaxillary fat.

Objective: To determine whether the premaxillary fat is located in a closed compartment and whether injection of substances affects the appearance of the face.

Complete mapping of lateral and medial sural artery perforators: anatomical study with Duplex-Doppler ultrasound correlation.

Introduction: The precise vascular anatomy of posterior lower leg skin is not well understood. Despite being a potential donor site for sural artery perforator flaps, this region is rarely used and underestimated. The aim of this study was to provide exact preoperative planning for medial and lateral sural artery perforator flap harvest.

Anatomical variations of the posterior intercostal arteries and the thoracic vertebral artery.

This study evaluated the occurrence and frequency of the anatomical variations of the origin and course of the posterior intercostal arteries (PIA) in 44 human cadavers. During a classical anatomical dissection of each cadaver an anomalous course of the PIA, defined as a thoracic vertebral artery, was found in six (14%) individuals. Every dorsally coursing PIA was taken into account, regardless of its origin, and their different origins and course were described.

Corrugator supercilii muscle terminal nerve ablation using a novel thread technique for the treatment of hyperdynamic vertical glabellar furrows.

Background: A novel percutaneous corrugator supercilii muscle terminal nerve CSMTN ablation technique is proposed for the treatment of hyperdynamic vertical glabellar furrows (HVGF).

Technique: Two surgical marks are placed on each eyebrow. One is placed at the level of the lateral canthus and the second at the outer border of the limbus.

The septum subcutaneum parotideomassetericum.

Background: The fatty tissue of the face is divided into compartments. The structures delimiting these compartments help shape the face, are involved in aging, and are encountered during surgical procedures.

Objective: To study the border between the lateral-temporal and the middle cheek fat compartments of the face.

Is Thiel's embalming method widely known? A world survey about its use.

Introduction: Thiel's embalming technique, first described by Thiel in 1992, conserves texture and colour in cadavers close to that observed in the living. It would appear that few anatomy laboratories use this method, and literature describing its use worldwide is sparse. The aim of our study was to conduct a worldwide survey on the use of this method.

Flexibility of Thiel's embalmed cadavers: the explanation is probably in the muscles.

Introduction: The flexibility of cadavers conserved using Thiel's embalming method remains unexplained. We aimed to perform microscopic comparison of muscle and tendon fibres from fresh cadavers (FC), formaldehyde-preserved cadavers (FPC) and cadavers conserved by Thiel's method (TC).

Methods: Muscle and tendon biopsies performed on FC, FPC and TC were conditioned and stained by Masson's trichrome, Sirius red and Ramon y Cajal, then studied under optical microscope.

The chin and adjacent fat compartments.

Background: The human face contains numerous subcutaneous compartments of fatty tissue, but neither a chin compartment nor a submental compartment have been described. Definitions of the jowl compartment vary considerably.

Objectives: To investigate the borders between the subcutaneous fat compartments of the chin, submental region, and jowls.

The functional anatomy of the cricothyroid joint.

Postoperative long-term treatment problems of male-to-female transsexuals can be caused by the underestimated mobility of the cricothyroid joint. One hundred cadaveric larynges were analysed to reveal the morphological and functional anatomy of the CTJ focusing on possible horizontal and vertical gliding movements. Furthermore, the distance of the cricothyroid space for rotational movements was measured.

Superior vestibular neurectomy: a novel transmeatal approach for a denervation of the superior and lateral semicircular canals.

Objective: To assess morphologically a transmeatal approach to the lateral and superior ampullary nerves performable under local anesthesia and simultaneously with the existing approach to the singular nerve developed by Gacek during the same operation.

Materials And Methods: Eighty halves of human heads preserved with the Thiel method were operated on by an otologist. Two surgical approaches were tested on each specimen, 1 superior and 1 inferior to the tympanic segment of the facial nerve.