Altered ceramide metabolism is a feature in the extracellular vesicle-mediated spread of alpha-synuclein in Lewy body disorders.

Mutations in glucocerebrosidase (GBA) are the most prevalent genetic risk factor for Lewy body disorders (LBD)-collectively Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies. Despite this genetic association, it remains unclear how GBA mutations increase susceptibility to develop LBD. We investigated relationships between LBD-specific glucocerebrosidase deficits, GBA-related pathways, and α-synuclein levels in brain tissue from LBD and controls, with and without GBA mutations.

The ability to kneel before and after total knee arthroplasty : the role of the pattern of osteoarthritis and the position of the femoral component.

Aims: The aims of this study were to investigate the ability to kneel after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) without patellar resurfacing, and its effect on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Secondary aims included identifying which kneeling positions were most important to patients, and the influence of radiological parameters on the ability to kneel before and after TKA.

Methods: This prospective longitudinal study involved 209 patients who underwent single radius cruciate-retaining TKA without patellar resurfacing.

Patellar cartilage loss does not affect early outcomes of total knee arthroplasty performed without patella resurfacing.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes and cost economics of TKA without patella resurfacing in patients with and without patellar cartilage loss.

Methods: Prospective case control study of 209 consecutive patients undergoing TKA without patella resurfacing. Patella cartilage status was documented intra-operatively: 108 patients had patella cartilage loss (mean age 70 ± 9.