Confirmed laryngeal sarcomatoid carcinoma after three vocal cord surgeries in a short period of time: A case report and literature review.

Sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare disease, while larynx sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rarer type of cancer characterized by high malignancy and rapid growth. This type of cancer is prone to misdiagnosis and recurrence. The present case study aimed to provide a detailed report on the diagnosis and treatment of a male patient who underwent three tumor resections in the same location of the vocal cords within a short time.

Refined Sound Therapy in Combination with Cognitive Behavioural Therapy to Treat Tinnitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Post-auricular injection of lidocaine and methylprednisolone sodium succinate is a commonly used treatment for outpatient patients with tinnitus, but it is invasive, painful and has uncertain efficacy. We need to try to replace it with more non-invasive and effective treatments. The 2014 guidelines of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery recommend the use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to treat tinnitus.

Metformin attenuates cadmium-induced degeneration of spiral ganglion neuron via restoring autophagic flux in primary culture.

Cadmium (Cd), a common environmental and occupational toxicant, is an important risk factor for hearing loss. After exposure, Cd accumulates in the inner ear and induces spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) degeneration; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Dysfunctional autophagy has been implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Cd-induced neurotoxicity.

[Analysis of the association between helicobacter pylori infection and laryngeal lesions].

To investigate the relationship between Helicobacter pylori（H.pylori） infection and laryngeal lesions. 204 patients with laryngeal lesions were arranged into laryngeal lesions group, and 150 healthy persons who were willing to accept the electronic fiber gastroscopy examination in the same period were selected as control group.

BIX-01294-enhanced chemosensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma depends on autophagy-induced pyroptosis.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common cancer in southern China and Southeast Asia. Nowadays, radiotherapy is the therapy of choice for NPC patients, and chemotherapy has been found as an alternative treatment for advanced NPC patients. However, finding novel drugs and pharmacologically therapeutic targets for NPC patients is still urgent and beneficial.

Identification of a novel mutation in CRYM in a Chinese family with hearing loss using whole-exome sequencing.

Previous studies have identified ~50 genes that contribute to non-syndromic autosomal dominant sensorineural deafness (DFNA). However, in numerous families with hearing loss, the specific gene mutation remains to be identified. In the present study, the clinical characteristics and gene mutations were analyzed in a Chinese pedigree with hereditary hearing loss.

Expression of G9a in Auditory Cortex Is Downregulated in a Rat Model of Age-Related Hearing Loss.

G9a is essential for dendritic plasticity and is associated with neurological disorders. The possible relationship between age-related hearing loss and G9a expression in the auditory cortex has not been fully explored. This study aimed to understand the expression patterns of G9a-mediated histone methylations in the auditory cortex during aging.

An epidemiological survey of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease at the otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery clinics in China.

Purpose: Using the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI), this nationwide study aimed to investigate the incidence, diagnostic status, risk factors, and common symptoms of adult laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) at otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OHNS) clinics in China.

Methods: This multicenter cross-sectional survey began at the different institutions ranged from July to October 2017, and the duration was 12 months. A total of 90,440 eligible patients were finally enrolled from 72 medical institutions in China.

Scopolamine attenuates auditory cortex response.

Conclusion: Scopolamine, a tropane alkaloid drug that mainly acts as an antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, was found to reduce the local field potentials (LFP) of auditory cortex (AC) evoked by tone and gap-offsets whose effects may compensate the cortical hyperexcitability related to tinnitus.

Objective: To study the effects of scopolamine on the AC and the inferior colliculus (IC) of awake rats in order to understand scopolamine's effect on tinnitus and gap detection.

Method: Silent gaps (duration varied from 2-100 ms) embedded in otherwise continuous noise were used to elicit AC and IC response.

[Histological changes of peripheral vestibular organs in the inner ears of Smad4 conditional knockout mice].

Objective: To investigate the histological changes in the vestibular endorgans of Smad4 gene conditional knockout mice and to explore the influence of the Smad4 gene on vestibular development.

Methods: Histological changes of periphery vestibular organs in inner ear of Smad4 conditional knockout mice were investigated by frozen sections, immunofluorescence, confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.

Results: There was no Smad4 expression in the inner ear cartilage capsule of Smad4-/- mice.

Noise exposure enhances auditory cortex responses related to hyperacusis behavior.

Hyperacusis, a marked intolerance to normal environmental sound, is a common symptom in patients with tinnitus, Williams syndrome, autism, and other neurologic diseases. It has been suggested that an imbalance of excitation and inhibition in the central auditory system (CAS) may play an important role in hyperacusis. Recent studies found that noise exposure, one of the most common causes of hearing loss and tinnitus, can increase the auditory cortex (AC) response, presumably by increasing the gain of the AC.

New anatomic division of the orbital and sinus regions: guidance for nasal endoscopic resection of space-occupying lesions.

The significance of anatomic divisions of the orbital and sinus regions in providing guidance for nasal endoscopic resection of benign space-occupying lesions was discussed. This retrospective study included 177 cases with benign space-occupying lesions of the orbital and sinus resected between 2001 and 2009. Locations of lesions were assigned to 3 anatomic categories.

The role of Smad4 in vestibular development in mice.

The regulation of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signal transduction pathway is important in the development of the inner ear and vestibular system. We reported previously that small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog-4 (Smad4) is required for inner ear cochlear development and normal auditory function in mammals; however, the distribution and functional mechanisms of Smad4 at various stages of vestibular development remained unclear. To investigate the relationship between the Smad4 gene and vestibular organ development, we measured changes in the expression of BMP4 and Smad4 during vestibular development in C57BL/6 mice.

Temporal processing in inferior colliculus and auditory cortex affected by high doses of salicylate.

Speech recognition and language learning can be affected by both peripheral and central auditory system impairment. However, whether sensorineural hearing loss would affect central auditory processing is not clear. Recent studies found that salicylate not only affects outer hair cell motility in the cochlea, but also blocks GABAergic neuron activities in central nervous systems.

[Distributing and changes of NO and calcitonin gene-related peptide in pharyngeal tissues and plasma in obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome].

Objective: To explore the distributing and changes of nitric oxide (NO) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).

Methods: This study investigated the content of NO and CGRP in plasma and in pharyngeal tissues of OSAHS subjects. Moreover, the distribution of NOS and CGRP in pharyngeal tissues was researched using method of immunohistochemistry.