Characteristics Analysis of F1 Hybrids between Genetically Modified Brassica napus and B. rapa.

A number of studies have been conducted on hybridization between transgenic Brassica napus and B. rapa or backcross of F1 hybrid to their parents. However, trait changes must be analyzed to evaluate hybrid sustainability in nature.

Tomato phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene family, highly redundant but strongly underutilized.

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is an important enzyme in both plant development and pathogen defense. In all plants it is encoded by a multi-gene family, ranging in copy number from four in Arabidopsis to a dozen or more copies in some higher plants. Many studies indicate that alternate genes are differentially regulated in response to environmental stimuli.