Correlation between right atrial pressure measured via right heart catheterization and venous excess ultrasound, inferior vena cava diameter, and ultrasound-measured jugular venous pressure: a prospective observational study.

Background: Venous congestion is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, necessitating accurate venous pressure assessment. Current methods, such as right heart catheterization (RHC), have limitations. Non-invasive techniques, including venous excess ultrasound (VExUS), inferior vena cava (IVC) assessment, and ultrasound-measured jugular venous pressure (uJVP), show promise but require validation in diverse populations.