Free Vitamin D: Relationship to Insulin Sensitivity and Vascular Health in Youth.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship of free 25 hydroxy vitamin D [free 25(OH)D] or bioavailable vitamin D (BioD) concentrations to insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular disease risk markers in normal weight and overweight youth.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study of 79 adolescents 15.4 ± 0.

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Hispanic Youth With Dysglycemia: Risk for Subclinical Atherosclerosis?

Context: Obese Hispanic adolescents (OHAs) with dysglycemia have increased cardiovascular disease risk burden.

Objective: To investigate if nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) confers added risk for endothelial dysfunction in these youth.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Diencephalic syndrome: a rare cause of failure to thrive.

Timely diagnosis of diencephalic syndrome is not often the case for patients presenting with failure to thrive (FTT) because of its rarity and lack of specific symptoms. Herein, we report two cases of diencephalic syndrome (2-year-old girl and 10-month-old boy) presenting with severe emaciation. Both patients had histories of poor weight gain for months despite having good appetites prior to diagnosis.

Endothelial Function in Youth: A Biomarker Modulated by Adiposity-Related Insulin Resistance.

Objective: To investigate the physical and metabolic determinants of endothelial dysfunction, an early marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, in normal weight and overweight adolescents with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study of 81 adolescents: 21 normal weight, 25 overweight with normal glucose tolerance, 19 overweight with impaired glucose regulation, and 16 with type 2 diabetes mellitus underwent evaluation of reactive hyperemia index (RHI) and augmentation index (AIx) at heart rate 75 bpm by peripheral arterial tonometry; oral glucose tolerance test, lipid profile, and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity; and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scan and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging for percentage of body fat and abdominal fat partitioning.

Results: Participants across tertiles of RHI (1.

Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio: A Marker of Early Endothelial Dysfunction in Youth.

Context: The urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) is a useful predictor of cardiovascular (CV) events in adults. Its relationship to vascular function in children is not clear.

Objective: We investigated whether UACR was related to insulin resistance and endothelial function, a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, in adolescents across the spectrum of glucose regulation.