Intracerebral mechanisms explaining the impact of incidental feedback on mood state and risky choice.

Identifying factors whose fluctuations are associated with choice inconsistency is a major issue for rational decision theory. Here, we investigated the neuro-computational mechanisms through which mood fluctuations may bias human choice behavior. Intracerebral EEG data were collected in a large group of subjects (n=30) while they were performing interleaved quiz and choice tasks that were designed to examine how a series of unrelated feedbacks affect decisions between safe and risky options.

Mechanical Ventilation Associated Pneumomediastinum - A Rising Incidence of Cases in an Emergency Hospital During the COVID-19 Pandemics.

Mechanical ventilation is a last resort solution for patients presenting with acute respiratory distress syndrome produced by SARS-CoV-2. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a rare pathology associated with invasive mechanical ventilation. The objective of our research was to highlight the increased incidence of spontaneous pneumomediastinum during the COVID-19 pandemics in our hospital.

Somatomotor or somatosensory facial manifestations in patients with temporobasal epilepsies.

Objective: The semiology of temporo-basal epilepsy has rarely been analysed in the literature. In this paper, we report three patients with proven basal temporal epilepsy with somatomotor or somatosensory facial ictal semiology, highly suggestive of insulo-opercular onset.

Methods: The three patients had a temporobasal lesion and their drugresistant epilepsy was cured with resection of the lesion (follow-up duration: 7-17 years).

A brain atlas of axonal and synaptic delays based on modelling of cortico-cortical evoked potentials.

Epilepsy presurgical investigation may include focal intracortical single-pulse electrical stimulations with depth electrodes, which induce cortico-cortical evoked potentials at distant sites because of white matter connectivity. Cortico-cortical evoked potentials provide a unique window on functional brain networks because they contain sufficient information to infer dynamical properties of large-scale brain connectivity, such as preferred directionality and propagation latencies.  Here, we developed a biologically informed modelling approach to estimate the neural physiological parameters of brain functional networks from the cortico-cortical evoked potentials recorded in a large multicentric database.

Surgical Stasis: Anomalies Scarcities in Surgical Residents Training in the Covid-19 Period.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a marked decrease in surgical procedures performed worldwide and to numerous other changes in medical practice. We investigated the effect of these changes on surgical trainees. Method: We searched medical records and asked a total of 67 surgical residents from different specialities (general surgery, obstetrics-gynecology, orthopedics-traumatology, neurosurgery) to answer a questionnaire investigating how the total number of surgical procedures and operative role varied for each respondent during the pandemic, the number of medical congresses and handson courses they attended during this time, how much study time was available to them and how the changes in their training modules affected them.

Adaptive behavior and psychiatric comorbidities in KCNB1 encephalopathy.

Aim: KCNB1 encephalopathy encompasses a broad phenotypic spectrum associating intellectual disability, behavioral disturbances, and epilepsies of various severity. Using standardized parental questionnaires, we aimed to capture the heterogeneity of the adaptive and behavioral features in a series of patients with KCNB1 pathogenic variants.

Methods: We included 25 patients with a KCNB1 encephalopathy, aged from 3.

Dynamic brain effective connectivity analysis based on low-rank canonical polyadic decomposition: application to epilepsy.

In this paper, a new method to track brain effective connectivity networks in the context of epilepsy is proposed. It relies on the combination of partial directed coherence with a constrained low-rank canonical polyadic tensor decomposition. With such combination being established, the most dominating directed graph structures underlying each time window of intracerebral electroencephalographic signals are optimally inferred.

Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction and Risk of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy.

Objective: We aimed to test whether patients who died of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) had an abnormal cardiac autonomic response to sympathetic stimulation by hyperventilation.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational, case-control study of a group of patients who died of SUDEP and controls who were matched to the patients for epilepsy type, drug resistance, sex, age at EEG recording, age at onset of epilepsy, and duration of epilepsy. We analyzed the heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) at rest and during and after hyperventilation performed during the patient's last EEG recording before SUDEP.

Developmental and epilepsy spectrum of KCNB1 encephalopathy with long-term outcome.

Objective: We aimed to delineate the phenotypic spectrum and long-term outcome of individuals with KCNB1 encephalopathy.

Methods: We collected genetic, clinical, electroencephalographic, and imaging data of individuals with KCNB1 pathogenic variants recruited through an international collaboration, with the support of the family association "KCNB1 France." Patients were classified as having developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) or developmental encephalopathy (DE).

Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) and epilepsy surgery in posttraumatic epilepsy: A multicenter retrospective study.

Purpose: Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a common cause of drug-resistant epilepsy, especially in young adults. Nevertheless, such patients are not common candidates for intracranial presurgical evaluation. We investigated the role of stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) in defining epileptogenicity and surgical strategy in patients with PTE.

Clinical aspects of seizures in the elderly.

The population of France and the world is aging with an increase in the population of people aged over 65 years old. Old people are the second largest population affected by seizures. Hence, neurologists and geriatricians have to be able to identify and treat elderly that suffer from seizures.

Probabilistic functional tractography of the human cortex revisited.

In patients with pharmaco-resistant focal epilepsies investigated with intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG), direct electrical stimulations of a cortical region induce cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEP) in distant cerebral cortex, which properties can be used to infer large scale brain connectivity. In 2013, we proposed a new probabilistic functional tractography methodology to study human brain connectivity. We have now been revisiting this method in the F-TRACT project (f-tract.

On the origin of epileptic High Frequency Oscillations observed on clinical electrodes.

Objective: In this study we aim to identify the key (patho)physiological mechanisms and biophysical factors which impact the observability and spectral features of High Frequency Oscillations (HFOs).

Methods: In order to accurately replicate HFOs we developed virtual-brain/virtual-electrode simulation environment combining novel neurophysiological models of neuronal populations with biophysical models for the source/sensor relationship. Both (patho)physiological mechanisms (synaptic transmission, depolarizing GABA effect, hyperexcitability) and physical factors (geometry of extended cortical sources, size and position of electrodes) were taken into account.

Interpretation of SEEG recordings.

The interpretation of SEEG recordings is a crucial step. It must be carried out by an epileptologist/neurophysiologist with sufficient training and qualification in this field. The objectives of the interpretation are to define the brain topography of interictal activities (irritative zone) and the epileptogenic zone, defined as the site of primary organization of ictal discharges.

Stereoelectroencephalography and surgical outcome in polymicrogyria-related epilepsy: A multicentric study.

Objective: We aimed to (1) assess the concordance between various polymicrogyria (PMG) types and the associated epileptogenic zone (EZ), as defined by stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG), and (2) determine the postsurgical seizure outcome in PMG-related drug-resistant epilepsy.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 58 cases: 49 had SEEG and 39 corticectomy or hemispherotomy.

Results: Mean age at SEEG or surgery was 28.

Appendiceal Diverticulitis - A Case Report.

Appendiceal diverticulitis is a very rare cause for pain in the right iliac fossa. Whether it is simptomatic or discovered randomly during an appendectomy or barium enema, understanding its clinical evolution is important for having a good management. In this report we present the case of a 50 year old female who underwent an open appendectomy during which we discovered appendiceal diverticulitis.

Automatic Detection and Classification of High-Frequency Oscillations in Depth-EEG Signals.

Goal: Interictal high-frequency oscillations (HFOs [30-600 Hz]) have proven to be relevant biomarkers in epilepsy. In this paper, four categories of HFOs are considered: Gamma ([30-80 Hz]), high-gamma ([80-120 Hz]), ripples ([120-250 Hz]), and fast-ripples ([250-600 Hz]). A universal detector of the four types of HFOs is proposed.