Evaluation of low bone mass and prediction of fracture risk using metacarpal radiogrammetry method: a comparative study with DXA and X-ray phantom.

Objectives: (i) To predict the future risk of osteoporotic fracture in women using a simple forearm radiograph. (ii) To assess osteoporosis in southern Indian women by using radiogrammetric technique in comparison with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and X-ray phantom study.

Methods: The bone mineral density (BMD) of the right proximal femur by DXA and the X-ray measurements were acquired from the right forearm.

Ultrasound Color Doppler Image Segmentation and Feature Extraction in MCP and Wrist Region in Evaluation of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

The present study focuses on automatically to segment the blood flow pattern of color Doppler ultrasound in hand region of rheumatoid arthritis patients and to correlate the extracted the statistical features and color Doppler parameters with standard parameters. Thirty patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and their total of 300 joints of both the hands, i.e.

Automated multimodal segmentation of an abnormal breast mass in mammogram.

A lot of computer-aided diagnosis systems have been attempted to segment automatically breast mass from a mammogram and to classify the mass as benign and malignant quantitatively. This study aimed to develop an automated computer-aided diagnosis system to evaluate the disease with high accuracy using the proposed multimodal segmentation algorithm when compared to an abnormal breast mass region outlined in mammogram by radiologists of American College of Radiology as "standard." In this study, a total number of 150 mammograms were downloaded from the DDSM database for screening mammography.

Extraction of 3D Femur Neck Trabecular Bone Architecture from Clinical CT Images in Osteoporotic Evaluation: a Novel Framework.

The early detection of osteoporosis risk enhances the lifespan and quality of life of an individual. A reasonable in-vivo assessment of trabecular bone strength at the proximal femur helps to evaluate the fracture risk and henceforth, to understand the associated structural dynamics on occurrence of osteoporosis. The main aim of our study was to develop a framework to automatically determine the trabecular bone strength from clinical femur CT images and thereby to estimate its correlation with BMD.

Automated hand thermal image segmentation and feature extraction in the evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis.

The aim of the study was (1) to perform an automated segmentation of hot spot regions of the hand from thermograph using the k-means algorithm and (2) to test the potential of features extracted from the hand thermograph and its measured skin temperature indices in the evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis. Thermal image analysis based on skin temperature measurement, heat distribution index and thermographic index was analyzed in rheumatoid arthritis patients and controls. The k-means algorithm was used for image segmentation, and features were extracted from the segmented output image using the gray-level co-occurrence matrix method.

Computer-based measurements of joint space analysis using metacarpal morphometry in hand radiograph for evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis.

Aim And Objectives: The aim and objectives are as follows: (i) to perform an automated segmentation of the hand from radiographs using a dual tree complex wavelet-based watershed algorithm; ii) to compare the measured statistical features of the joint space of the hand using gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) method with standard diagnostic parameters of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: Fifty-three patients with RA and 17 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the study. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, health assessment questionnaire score (HAQ), disease activity score (DAS) and hand radiographs of all the subjects were obtained.

Prediction of low bone mass using a combinational approach of cortical and trabecular bone measures from dental panoramic radiographs.

The aim of this study is to extract cortical and trabecular features of the mandible and to develop a novel combinational model of mandibular cortical thickness, trabecular bone area and age in order to predict low bone mineral density or osteoporosis from a dental panoramic radiograph. The study involved 64 south Indian women (age = 52.5 ± 12.

Potential of thermal imaging as a tool for prediction of cardiovascular disease.

Vascular dysfunction is associated with onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Its effect is reflected as temperature change on the skin. The aim of this work was to test the potential of thermal imaging as cost effective screening tool for prediction of CVD.

The role of hip and chest radiographs in osteoporotic evaluation among south Indian women population: a comparative scenario with DXA.

Background: Osteoporosis is recognized as a worldwide skeletal disorder problem. In India, the older as well as postmenopausal women population suffering from osteoporotic fractures has been a common issue. Bone mineral density measurements gauged by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) are used in the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Justification of anthropometric empirical indicator (AEI) by digital chest and pelvic X-rays: a comparative scenario with DXA on obesity grounds.

Background: Obesity is an abnormal accumulation of body fat directly proportional to reduced life expectancy. Treatment of this ailment should be preceded by proper and accurate assessment of the degree of obesity.

Objectives: The main objective is the justification of anthropometric empirical indicator (AEI) by the utilization of chest and pelvic radiographs, so that precise measurement of obesity on economical grounds can be manifested.

Diagnosis of osteoporosis by extraction of trabecular features from hip radiographs using support vector machine: an investigation panorama with DXA.

Background: Lifespan and its quality can be improved by early diagnosis of osteoporosis. Analysis of trabecular boundness on digital hip radiographs could be useful for identifying subjects with low bone mineral density (BMD) or osteoporosis. The main aim of our study was to evaluate the ability of a kernel-based support vector machine (SVM) with respect to diagnosis and add to knowledge about the trabecular features of digital hip radiographs for identifying subjects with low BMD.

Anthropometry: a new approach to identify communal body fat status in an urban south Indian population.

Background And Objectives: Deep penetration of obesity into geographical and ethnic communities based on profession is being highly evidenced by researchers. Impact of this penetration in the Indian urban population is addressed by the accepted factors of professional and cultural changes. High risk of Atherosclerosis, hyperinsulinaemia, impaired glucose tolerance; prothrombotic is not addressed by the relationship between BMI vs.

Multiparametric body composition analysis and anthropometric empirical indicator: obesity based south Indian perspective.

Background: Obesity has emerged to be a global threat to mankind. Many abnormalities such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes emerge as outcomes of obesity.

Objectives: The present study aimed at bringing out a technique which considers the combinational measurement of all essential anthropometric circumferences and body mass index (BMI), so that the accurate assessment of obesity can be made.

Estimation of blood glucose by non-invasive infrared thermography for diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: an alternative for blood sample extraction.

The present study aims to estimate and validate the glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) using non-contact infrared thermography. The diagnostic threshold was set as (HbA(1c)≥48 mmol/mol). The optimal regression model [r=0.

Evaluation of complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in a Wistar rat model. Comparison of thermography and histopathology.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the progression of arthritis in a complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced Wistar rat model and to monitor inflammatory arthritis activity using thermal imaging compared with histopathology.

Methodology: Fifteen adult male Wistar rats were studied in an adjuvant-induced arthritis model by the injection of complete Freund's adjuvant in the right hind limb and right forelimb, respectively, with the left limbs used as controls. Thermal image analysis based on skin temperature measurement, radiographic analysis based on erosion, limb circumference measurement, and histopathological evaluation were performed.

Evaluation of mammary cancer in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced Wister rats by asymmetrical temperature distribution analysis using thermography: a comparison with serum CEA levels and histopathology.

Animal surface temperature profile captured using infrared camera is helpful for the assessment of physiological responses associated with the regulation of body temperature. Diagnosing breast cancer in early stage itself has a greater effect on the prognosis. In this work, asymmetrical temperature distribution analysis of chemical carcinogen 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene-induced in the lower right flank region of Wistar rats (n = 6) was carried out to test the potential of thermography in diagnosing mammary cancer and tumor growth over a period of nine weeks in comparison with histopathology results as standard.

Medical thermography: a diagnostic approach for type 2 diabetes based on non-contact infrared thermal imaging.

To test the potential of Infrared (IR) thermography in diagnosing as well as predicting type 2 diabetes and its complications compared with biochemical assay of HbA(1c) as standard. As per American Diabetes Association criteria, threshold for diagnosis of diabetes was set as HbA(1c) ≥ 6.5 % (7.

Heel bone mass of a young South Indian population with a Nigerian population residing in a South Indian suburban neighborhood: a comparative study.

Unlabelled: This cross-sectional cohort emphasized the impact of heel bone mass in the South Indian population and its comparison with Nigerian ethnicity, residing in South India. Peak bone mass, however, evidenced a significant decrease of around 30% compared to that of Nigerian ethnicity.

Introduction: In the South Indian population, the local folks do not seem to be well informed about the relative association of bone mass with osteoporosis.

Changes of skin temperature of parts of the body and serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in type-2 diabetes mellitus Indian patients.

In India, number of people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) would be 87 million by the year 2030. DM disturbs autonomic regulation of skin micro-circulation, and causes decrease in resting blood flows through the skin. The skin blood flow has a major effect on its temperature.

Community-Specific BMI Cutoff Points for South Indian Females.

Objective. To analyze multiparameters related to total body composition, with specific emphasis on obesity in South Indian females, in order to derive community-specific BMI cutoff points. Patients and Methods.

Evaluation of functional ability of rheumatoid arthritis based on HAQ score and BMD among South Indian patients.

Aim of this study is to analyze the functional ability of rheumatoid arthritis among South Indian male and female patients based on HAQ score and forearm ulna-BMD measurement by peripheral DXA, and to investigate the correlation between forearm ulna-BMD and HAQ score among RA patients. Sixty-four patients with RA and 64 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in this study. The health assessment questionnaire test was self administered by each RA patients.

Age-related proximal femur bone mineral loss in South Indian women: a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry study.

Objectives: i) To collect normative data for proximal femur bone mineral density (BMD) in South Indian women using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and ii) to study the rate and significance of hip bone mineral loss with advancing age in this population.

Material And Methods: Forty five women, whose age ranged from 16 to 84 years were studied. This sample was drawn randomly from general medical practice at KJ Hospital, Chennai, South India during November, 1997 to April, 1998.