Phenylacetylcarbinol biotransformation by disrupted yeast cells using ultrasonic treatment in conjunction with a dipropylene glycol mediated biphasic emulsion system.

Biotransformation of a pharmaceutical precursor, phenylacetylcarbinol (PAC), could be achieved by frozen-thawed Candida tropicalis whole cells (FT-WHC). The treatment of FT-WHC, which contained intracellular pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) enzyme, using high-power ultrasonication with varying amplitudes were compared with glass bead attrition (GBA) as well as control for the release of PDC. Ultrasonication at 20% amplitude (Ult20) proved to be the most effective, resulting in the highest volumetric and specific PDC activities of 0.

Co-substrate model development and validation on pure sugars and corncob hemicellulosic hydrolysate for xylitol production.

A co-substrate model of Candida tropicalis TISTR 5306 cultivated in 10 - 100 g/L xylose and 1 - 10 g/L glucose at the ratio of 10:1 was developed based in part on modified Monod equation. The kinetic parameters include substrate limitation as well as substrate and product inhibitions with inclusion of threshold values. A general good fitting with average RSS, R, and MS values of 162, 0.

Pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis optimization of lignocellulosic biomass for ethanol, xylitol, and phenylacetylcarbinol co-production using .

Cellulosic bioethanol production generally has a higher operating cost due to relatively expensive pretreatment strategies and low efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis. The production of other high-value chemicals such as xylitol and phenylacetylcarbinol (PAC) is, thus, necessary to offset the cost and promote economic viability. The optimal conditions of diluted sulfuric acid pretreatment under boiling water at 95°C and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis steps for sugarcane bagasse (SCB), rice straw (RS), and corn cob (CC) were optimized using the response surface methodology via a central composite design to simplify the process on the large-scale production.

Kinetics of Phosphate Ions and Phytase Activity Production for Lactic Acid-Producing Bacteria Utilizing Milling and Whitening Stages Rice Bran as Biopolymer Substrates.

A study evaluated nine kinetic data and four kinetic parameters related to growth, production of various phytase activities (PE), and released phosphate ion concentration ([Pi]) from five lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains cultivated in three types of media: phytate (IP6), milling stage rice bran (MsRB), and whitening stage rice bran (WsRB). Score ranking techniques were used, combining these kinetic data and parameters to select the most suitable LAB strain for each medium across three cultivation time periods (24, 48, and 72 h). In the IP6 medium, TISTR 1500 exhibited statistically significant highest ( ≤ 0.

Utilization of agricultural wastes for co-production of xylitol, ethanol, and phenylacetylcarbinol: A review.

Corn, rice, wheat, and sugar are major sources of food calories consumption thus the massive agricultural waste (AW) is generated through agricultural and agro-industrial processing of these raw materials. Biological conversion is one of the most sustainable AW management technologies. The abundant supply and special structural composition of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin could provide great potential for waste biological conversion.

Production of Phenylacetylcarbinol via Biotransformation Using the Co-Culture of TISTR 5306 and TISTR 5606 as the Biocatalyst.

Phenylacetylcarbinol (PAC) is a precursor for the synthesis of several pharmaceuticals, including ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and norephedrine. PAC is commonly produced through biotransformation using microbial pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) in the form of frozen-thawed whole cells. However, the lack of microorganisms capable of high PDC activity is the main factor in the production of PAC.

Extraction of gymnemic acid from Gymnema inodorum (Lour.) Decne. leaves and production of dry powder extract using maltodextrin.

The aim of the present study was to maximize the extraction of gymnemic acid (GA) from Phak Chiang Da (PCD) leaves, an indigenous medicinal plant used for diabetic treatment in Northern Thailand. The goal was to overcome the low concentration of GA in the leaves, which limits its applications among a larger population and develop a process to produce GA-enriched PCD extract powder. The solvent extraction method was employed to extract GA from PCD leaves.

Enhancement in mechanical and antimicrobial properties of epoxidized natural rubber via reactive blending with chlorhexidine gluconate.

An epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) blend with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) was prepared using a two-roll mill at 130 °C. CHG was added at concentrations of 0.2, 0.

Valorization of rice straw, sugarcane bagasse and sweet sorghum bagasse for the production of bioethanol and phenylacetylcarbinol.

Open burning of agricultural residues causes numerous complications including particulate matter pollution in the air, soil degradation, global warming and many more. Since they possess bio-conversion potential, agro-industrial residues including sugarcane bagasse (SCB), rice straw (RS), corncob (CC) and sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) were chosen for the study. Yeast strains, Candida tropicalis, C.

Partially saturated canthaxanthin alleviates aging-associated oxidative stress in D-galactose administered male wistar rats.

It has been earlier reported that partially saturated canthaxanthin (PSC) from Aspergillus carbonarius mutant is non-toxic, has anti-lipid peroxidation activity and can induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines. In the present study, the antiaging effect of PSC was explored in D-galactose administered male wistar rats. 8-10 weeks old, male wistar rats were randomly divided into (i) Vehicle Control Group (VCG), (ii) Aged Control Group (ACG), (iii) Aged + α Lipoic Acid Group (ALG) and (iv) Aged + Partially saturated canthaxanthin Group (APG).

Changes in morphogenesis and carotenogenesis to influence polygalacturonase secretion in Aspergillus carbonarius mutant.

Mycelial morphogenesis and the production of fungal secretory proteins are still largely unknown. A mutant strain of Aspergillus carbonarius UV-10046 produced abundant polygalacturonase (PG) along with partially saturated canthaxanthin (PSC) at low pH conditions. In the present study, the relationship between PG secretion and PSC biosynthesis was studied using carotenogenic inhibitors and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis.

The antioxidant effect of mulberry and jamun fruit wines by ameliorating oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats.

Polyphenols act by scavenging reactive oxygen species during oxidative stress and hence are useful in the treatment of metabolic disorders including diabetes. This study describes the effect of polyphenol rich mulberry and jamun wines fed to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. To male adult Wistar rats, divided into groups (n = 10 per group) intraperitoneal injection was administered with streptozotocin at 38 mg per kg body weight for inducing diabetes.

Resveratrol content and antioxidant properties of underutilized fruits.

In the present study, resveratrol content and antioxidant properties of underutilized fruits such as Jamun (Syzygium cumini L.), Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) and Mulberry (Morus rubra) were investigated keeping Grape (Vitis vinifera) as a reference. Ethanol/water (80:20 v/v) extracts of different parts of fruit samples including skin, pulp and seeds were analyzed by HPLC and MS for the quantification of resveratrol.

A short-term toxicity study of Aspergillus carbonarius carotenoid.

In a pharmacokinetic study, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of blood samples of Wistar female rats fed with partially saturated canthaxanthin (PSC) of Aspergillus carbonarius showed the presence of the carotenoid in the plasma within 6 hours of feeding. In another study for safety assessment of PSC fed to rats over a period of 28 days at 0.05%, 0.

Antioxidant and lipid peroxidation activities in rats fed with Aspergillus carbonarius carotenoid.

Effect of feeding partially saturated canthaxanthin (PSC), purified from Aspergillus carbonarius mutant, was studied using four groups of female albino rats (n=6) for 4 weeks. While the control group received basal diet ad libitum, Groups I, II and III were fed with basal diet containing 50, 100 and 250 ppm PSC, respectively. PSC feeding did not cause any significant changes in food intake and there was no gain in body weight either.