Rituximab-induced cystoid macular edema in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report and literature review.

Cystoid macular edema (CME) is considered a rare adverse effect of rituximab use, with only a limited number of cases published in the literature. Although its etiopathogenesis is still unknown, its mechanism seems to be related to a transient elevation of cytokines after rituximab infusion resulting in an increased permeability of retinal vessels. We report the first case of rituximab-induced CME in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), where rituximab was used to treat hematological complications.