Formulation and Evaluation of Valproic Acid Microemulsions for Enhanced Transfollicular Delivery in Guinea Pig Skin.

Background: Valproic acid (VPA) is used to treat various neurological and psychiatric conditions. While oral VPA can cause hair loss, topical application has shown potential for hair regeneration. This study aimed to develop and evaluate microemulsion (ME) formulations of VPA for enhanced transfollicular delivery.

Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation of Protective Effects of Quercetin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles on Human Hair Against UV-B Radiation.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of quercetin loaded on solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) in protecting human hair from ultraviolet-B (UV-B) light in vitro.

Methods: In this study, solvent-emulsified diffusion method was used to fabricate nanoparticle formulations and then particle size, loading, and drug release tests were performed from different formulations. Variables include oily part proportion, liquid to solid oil part ratio, and surfactant to lipid ratio.

Development and Ex-Vivo Skin Permeation of Sildenafil Citrate Microemulsion System for Transdermal Delivery.

Background: This study aimed to develop a microemulsion (ME)-based skin delivery platform containing sildenafil citrate (SC)-ME and evaluate its in vitro skin permeability.

Methods: Accurate MEs were prepared using pseudo-ternary phase diagrams and a full factorial design with three variables at two levels. After the design phase, suitable ratios of oil, water, and a mixture of surfactant (S) and cosurfactant (CS) were selected to prepare various SC-ME formulations.

Development and optimization of a methimazole microemulsion for topical application: Formulation characteristics and transdermal permeation.

Background: Methimazole, an oral antithyroid drug, has recently gained attention for its skin-brightening effects when applied topically to treat melasma. This study aims to develop, optimize, and characterize a methimazole microemulsion as a novel, safe approach for local melasma treatment.

Materials And Methods: We prepared microemulsion formulations containing 3% methimazole by combining appropriate amounts of surfactants (Tween 80 and Span 20), propylene glycol cosurfactant, and an oil phase (oleic acid-transcutol p at a 1:10 ratio).

Preparing and evaluating the anti-microbial effect of mouthwash on some of the most common oral microorganisms.

Background: Due to the increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics and anti-bacterial compounds in plants, Boiss plant extract can be used in mouthwash compounds with its anti-microbial activity.

Methods And Materials: The anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity of mouthwash was investigated on , , and , and . To analyse the anti-microbial effect of this mouthwash, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by the broth microdilution method.

Preparation and in vitro evaluation of protective effects of Silibinin-loaded polymeric micelles on human hair against UV-B radiation.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Silibinin-loaded polymeric micelles from human hair against UV-B radiation.

Methods: Eight formulations with different concentrations of Silibinin, Pluronic F-127, and Labrasol-Labrafil were made by a solvent evaporation method, and the selected formulation was chosen by examining their properties like particle size and loading efficiency. Six groups of human hair, including a group that received the selected formulation, were exposed to UV-B radiation and by calculating its factors such as peak-to-valley roughness, RMS roughness, FTIR, and the amount of protein loss, the protective effect of the selected formulation was judged.

Clinical evaluation of liposome-based gel formulation containing glycolic acid for the treatment of photodamaged skin.

Long contact of UV causes skin damage. Glycolic acid (GA) as an alpha hydroxy acid is used to treat photodamaged skin. However, GA leads to side effects including; burning, erythema and peeling.

Design and evaluation of adapalene microemulsion for transfollicular drug delivery through guinea pig skin.

Introduction: Acne vulgaris can be treated topically with adapalene, a synthetic derivative of naphthoic acid with retinoid activity. Adapalene has a very low rate of percutaneous absorption and is almost completely insoluble in water. To obviate this problem, microemulsion (ME) carrier is used.

The Effect of Herbal Penetration Enhancers on the Skin Permeability of Mefenamic Acid Through Rat Skin.

Objectives: Mefenamic acid (MA) is a strong non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, but because of its limited oral bioavailability and the side effects that come with taking it systemically, it is better to apply it topically. The major goal of this study was to see how certain permeation enhancers affected MA is skin permeability. In manufactured Franz diffusion cells, MA permeability tests using rat skin pretreatment with several permeation enhancers such as corn oil, olive oil, clove oil, eucalyptus oil, and menthol were conducted and compared to hydrate rat skin as a control.

Ocular Delivery of Quercetin Using Microemulsion System: Design, Characterization, and Ex-vivo Transcorneal Permeation.

Background: The goal of this research was to design and characterize quercetin microemulsions (MEs) to resolve water solubility issues related to quercetin and improve transcorneal permeation into the eye.

Methods: MEs were prepared by the phase diagram method. Oily phase (oleic acid-Transcutol P), surfactant (Tween 80, Span 20), and co-surfactant (propylene glycol) were used to make a quercetin-loaded ME.

Altered Skin Permeation of Finasteride Using Clove Oil, Urea, and Lyophilized Powder of Grape Seed Extract.

Finasteride is a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor used to treat hair loss and acne. The skin permeation of finasteride is one of the main challenges associated with dermal drug delivery. One way to overcome the skin barrier is to use penetration enhancers.

Preparation, Optimization, and Investigation of Naringenin-Loaded Microemulsion for Topical Application.

Background: Flavonoids are a large group of phenolic compounds possessing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. NAR is a flavonoid with various pharmacological properties. Using pharmaceutical compounds on skin is one of the routes of administration to achieve local and systemic effects.

Development, Characterization, and In Vitro Biological Performance of Amphotericin B and Terbinafine Microemulsions Against Leishmania major.

This study evaluated the effect of microemulsion (ME) containing Amphotericin B (AmB) alone and associated with Terbinafine (Tbf) on Leishmania major (L. major) using in vitro models. The ME formulations of these drugs were formulated and described.

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Amphotericin B and Terbinafine Microemulsions and Their Combination on Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and Comparison with the Conventional Drug Form in BALB/c Mice.

Intracellular parasitic protozoa of Leishmania sp. causes leishmaniasis. The restricted access of the drugs to affected cells in the treatment of intracellular infections such as leishmaniasis is frequently hampered.

Determination of the effectiveness of gum on wound healing: an experimental study.

Objective: For a long time, natural compounds have been used to accelerate wound healing. In this study, the topical effects of ammoniacum gum extract on wound healing were investigated in white male rats.

Method: Following skin wound induction in aseptic conditions, 48 Wistar rats were divided into six equal groups; phenytoin cream 1% (standard), untreated (control), Eucerin (control), and 5%, 10% and 20% ointments of gum extract (treatment groups).

Increase adapalene delivery using chemical and herbal enhancers.

Background: Acne is one of the skin diseases that include abnormalities in the production of sebum, changes in the microbial flora, abnormal keratinization, and inflammation. Adapalene is a good choice in the treatment of acne with fewer side effects and high effectiveness. However, the absorption of adapalene through human skin is low.

Dermal pharmacokinetics of rivastigmine-loaded liposomes: an - correlation study.

The aim of the present study was to develop a topical liposomal formulation as a transdermal delivery of rivastigmine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease as an alternative to the oral dosage form and to achieve smooth continuous drug delivery and maintain plasma levels within the therapeutic window. Rivastigmine-loaded liposomes were prepared by a thin layer hydration technique that was applied in - correlation study. Permeability parameters through rat skin in study and pharmacokinetic parameters in the study were evaluated.

Enhancement of Dermal Delivery of Finasteride Using Microemulsion Systems.

Finasteride is a pharmaceutical agent that treats hair loss and acne with hormonal patterns. Due to its poor water solubility, and the smaller surface area in comparison to total skin surface area, penetration of the drug into hair follicles and skin is low. The aim of this research was to formulate, characterize and evaluate in vitro skin permeability of finasteride microemulsions (MEs).

Preparation and optimization of polymeric micelles as an oral drug delivery system for deferoxamine mesylate: and studies.

Deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) is administered as a slow subcutaneous or intravenous infusion due to its poor oral bioavailability and lack of dose proportionality. The aim of the present study was to prepare and optimize polymeric micelles containing DFO, as an oral drug delivery system for increasing permeability and oral bioavailability. Based on a full factorial design with three variables in two levels, eight polymeric micelle formulations were made using film hydration method.

The hepatoprotective effect of livergol microemulsion preparation (nanoparticle) against bromobenzene induced toxicity in mice.

Livergol (LG), which is the extract of and commonly known as milk thistle possess hepatoprotective effect and have got licensed for sale in Iran and other countries. LG was evaluated for its capacity to counteract the toxic effects of bromobenzene (BB) on mouse liver. The bioactive component of this plant is known to reinforce naturally occurring liver function through antioxidant activity, the stimulation of bile production and regeneration by the liver organ, resulting in enhanced protection against toxicants, hepatitis, and cirrhosis.

Permeability of Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Polymeric Micelles Including Ginsenoside as P-glycoprotein Inhibitor through a Caco-2 Cells Monolayer as an Intestinal Absorption Model.

The low oral bioavailability of ciprofloxacin is associated with two distinct challenges: its low aqueous solubility and efflux by p-glycoproteins (P-gp) in the intestinal membrane. Several studies were conducted in order to improve its solubility and permeability through the gastrointestinal membrane. In this study, in a full factorial design study, eight polymeric micelles were prepared and their characteristics, including particle size, loading and release rate were evaluated.

Loratadine-Loaded Thermoresponsive Hydrogel: Characterization and Ex-vivo Rabbit Cornea Permeability Studies.

Poor bioavailability of ophthalmic drops is mainly due to drainage through the nasal-lacrimal duct and a very low permeability through corneal epithelium. The aim of our study was to prepare and characterize an ocular hydrogel of loratadine, as an example of a lipophilic drug, to increase drug concentration and residence time at the site of action in the eye. In this study, a 2 full factorial design was employed to design and compare the properties of eight different loratadine containing hydrogel formulations.