Complex interactions between meteorological parameters and the thermal regime of two tropical, high altitude crater lakes (Nevado de Toluca, Mexico).

Using long-term time series of meteorological and water-column parameters, the dynamics of two lakes separated by about 500 m from each other by a central lava dome, located at 4207 m above sea level in the volcano crater of Nevado de Toluca, Mexico were explored. Because of the strong wind-forcing previously measured on the volcano slope and the proximity of the lakes, wind-mixing was expected, with similar dynamics in both lakes. However, the meteorological parameters in the crater were significantly different than on the slope of the volcano, due to the dome and the high walls of the crater, which weakened wind speeds, modified wind direction, and reduced exposure to solar radiation by almost 20% in the crater compared to on the volcano slope.

Natural Frequencies of seiches in Lake Chapala.

This research presents an analysis of the frequencies and vibration modes of the structure of the superficial seiches of Lake Chapala using mathematical modelling and measurements. The HAMSOM model was run with wind fields from coastal meteorological stations and for different lake storage levels. The lake water level measurements were carried out in two campaigns in 2003.

Internal tsunami waves transport sediment released by underwater landslides.

Accelerated by gravity, submarine landslides transfer energy to the marine environment, most notably leading to catastrophic tsunamis. While tsunamis are thought to use less than 15% of the total energy released by landslides, little is known about subsurface processes comprising the rest of their energy budgets. Here, we analyze the first set of observations depicting a lake's interior response to underwater landslides and find that sediment transport is modulated by baroclinic waves that propagate along vertical gradients in temperature and sediment concentration.