Flame-Retardant Glass Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Resins with Phosphorus-Containing Bio-Based Benzoxazines and Graphene.

This paper presents a study of the flammability and thermal decomposition products of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin (GFRER) with the addition of cardanol-based phosphorus-containing benzoxazine monomer (CBz) and graphene and their combinations in different proportions (up to 20 wt.%). The addition of CBz alone or in combination with graphene resulted in an increase in the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and self-extinguishing in the UL-94 HB test.

The Influence of Flame Retardants on Combustion of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Resin.

For the first time, next to the flammability tests (LOI, UL-94 HB, VBB, TGA), experimental tests and computer simulation have been conducted on the flame spread and combustion of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resins (GFRER) with 6% graphene and 6% DDM-DOPO flame-retardant additives. The downward rates of flame spread (ROS) in opposed flow with oxidizer and the upward ROS along GFRER composites have been first measured as well as the distribution of temperature over the combustion surface of the composites with flame-retardant additives and without them. The LOI and UL-94 HB tests showed a reduction in the flammability of GFRER when flame retardants were added and predicted a higher effectiveness of DDM-DOPO compared to graphene.

Experimental and Numerical Study of Downward Flame Spread over Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Resin.

For the first time, a comprehensive study of downward flame spread over glass-fiber-reinforced epoxy resin (GFRER) slabs in oxidizer flow has been carried out experimentally and numerically. Microthermocouples were used to measure the temperature profiles on the solid fuel's surface and in the flame, and a video camera was used to measure the rate of flame spread (ROS). The ROS was found to be linearly dependent on the oxygen concentration, to be inversely proportional to the slab thickness and not to depend on the direction of the flame spread over the slab.