Postoperative Pain Management Among Native and Non-native Israeli Citizens-Data From the European PAIN-OUT Registry.

Purpose: It has been widely reported that minority groups receive inferior emergency pain management. We aimed to determine whether this is true in the postoperative setting, as effective postoperative analgesia is an essential component of high quality medical care.

Design: A retrospective case-control study of paired 248 postsurgical Israeli patients.

Quadruplex structures of muscle gene promoter sequences enhance in vivo MyoD-dependent gene expression.

Gene promoters are enriched in guanine clusters that potentially fold into quadruplex structures. Such quadruplexes were implicated in the regulation of gene expression, plausibly by interacting with transcription factors. We showed previously that homodimers of the myogenic transcription factor MyoD bound in vitro most tightly bimolecular quadruplexes of promoter sequences of muscle-specific genes.

Differential binding of quadruplex structures of muscle-specific genes regulatory sequences by MyoD, MRF4 and myogenin.

Four myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs); MyoD, Myf-5, MRF4 and Myogenin direct muscle tissue differentiation. Heterodimers of MRFs with E-proteins activate muscle-specific gene expression by binding to E-box motifs d(CANNTG) in their promoters or enhancers. We showed previously that in contrast to the favored binding of E-box by MyoD-E47 heterodimers, homodimeric MyoD associated preferentially with quadruplex structures of regulatory sequences of muscle-specific genes.

MyoD uses overlapping but distinct elements to bind E-box and tetraplex structures of regulatory sequences of muscle-specific genes.

Muscle differentiation and expression of muscle-specific proteins are initiated by the binding of heterodimers of the transcription factor MyoD with E2A proteins to E-box motif d(CANNTG) in promoters or enhancers of muscle-specific genes. MyoD homodimers, however, form tighter complexes with tetraplex structures of guanine-rich regulatory sequences of some muscle genes. In this work, we identified elements in MyoD that bind E-box or tetraplex structures of promoter sequences of the muscle-specific genes alpha7 integrin and sarcomeric Mitochondrial Creatine Kinase (sMtCK).

Myostatin (MSTN) gene duplications in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): evidence for different selective pressure on teleost MSTN-1 and -2.

Whereas the negative muscle regulator myostatin (MSTN) in mammals is almost exclusively expressed in the muscle by a single encoding gene, teleost fish possess at least two MSTN genes which are differentially expressed in both muscular and non-muscular tissues. Duplicated MSTN-1 genes have previously been identified in the tetraploid salmonid genome. From Atlantic salmon we succeeded in isolating the paralogous genes of MSTN-2, which shared about 70% identity with MSTN-1a and -1b.

Homodimeric MyoD preferentially binds tetraplex structures of regulatory sequences of muscle-specific genes.

Myogenic transcription is activated by the binding of heterodimers of the basic helix-loop-helix proteins MyoD and E12 or E47 to a consensus E-box sequence, d(CANNTG), in promoter or enhancer regions of muscle-specific genes. Homodimers of MyoD bind E-box less tightly and are less efficient activators of transcription. Recent results from our laboratory (Yafe, A.

Formation and properties of hairpin and tetraplex structures of guanine-rich regulatory sequences of muscle-specific genes.

Clustered guanine residues in DNA readily generate hairpin or a variety of tetrahelical structures. The myogenic determination protein MyoD was reported to bind to a tetrahelical structure of guanine-rich enhancer sequence of muscle creatine kinase (MCK) more tightly than to its target E-box motif [K. Walsh and A.