Vestibular schwannoma causing normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Vestibular schwannoma is a common benign tumour that may cause local complications. However, vestibular schwannoma has a known association with communicating hydrocephalus presenting with symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus and requiring treatment by ventricular shunting or tumour resection. We report a 79-year-old woman who presented with subacute gait apraxia, cognitive impairment and urinary incontinence.

Visual atrophy rating scales and amyloid PET status in an Alzheimer's disease clinical cohort.

Objectives: Visual rating scales (VRS) are the quantification method closest to the approach used in routine clinical practice to assess brain atrophy. Previous studies have suggested that the medial temporal atrophy (MTA) rating scale is a reliable diagnostic marker for AD, equivalent to volumetric quantification, while others propose a higher diagnostic utility for the Posterior Atrophy (PA) scale in early-onset AD.

Methods: Here, we reviewed 14 studies that assessed the diagnostic accuracy of PA and MTA, we explored the issue of cut-off heterogeneity, and assessed 9 rating scales in a group of patients with biomarker-confirmed diagnosis.

Amyloid PET imaging in clinical practice.

Amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) imaging enables in vivo detection of brain Aβ deposition, one of the neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. There is increasing evidence to support its clinical utility, with major studies showing that amyloid PET imaging improves diagnostic accuracy, increases diagnostic certainty and results in therapeutic changes. The Amyloid Imaging Taskforce has developed appropriate use criteria to guide clinicians by predefining certain scenarios where amyloid PET would be justified.

Using amyloid PET imaging to diagnose Alzheimer's disease in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Cognitive dysfunction affects 40-60% of individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). The neuropsychological profile commonly consists of a subcortical pattern of deficits, although a proportion of patients have a severe progressive cortical dementia. However, patients with MS can be affected by other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD).

COVID-19-related acute necrotizing encephalopathy with brain stem involvement in a patient with aplastic anemia.

Objective: To describe a novel case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) in a patient with aplastic anemia where there was early brain stem-predominant involvement.

Methods: Evaluation of cause, clinical symptoms, and treatment response.

Results: A 59-year-old woman with a background of transfusion-dependent aplastic anemia presented with seizures and reduced level of consciousness 10 days after the onset of subjective fever, cough, and headache.

Glutaminyl cyclase activity is a characteristic feature of human cerebrospinal fluid.

Background: Proteins and peptides occurring in human body fluids can be useful biological markers for neurological diseases and can even contribute to the pathogenesis of such diseases. However, proteins and peptides are potential substrates of proteases and other enzymes. Proteolysis and enzymatic modification may lead to their degradation and modification.