Rapid quantification models for assessing melamine adulteration in sport nutrition supplements via benchtop and portable NIRS instruments.

Sport nutrition supplements (SNS) are vulnerable to adulteration with melamine, artificially augmenting their protein content as determined by conventional assay methodologies. Vibrational spectroscopy techniques are suitable for the detection of adulteration because they allow rapid analysis, require minimal sample preparation, and can perform numerous analyses in a short time. The aim of this study was to develop rapid quantification models for the determination of melamine adulteration in a variety of SNS matrices using NIRS (near-infrared spectroscopy) in combination with multivariate data processing.

Chemometrics approach for optimization of capillary electrophoretic conditions for the separation of insulin analogues.

Six insulin analogues with high degree of chemical similarity were separated using Capillary Electrophoresis (CE). In order to improve the method performance, optimization and development the Design of Experiment (DoE) approach has been used and this strategy provided related statistical models. This methodology delivered the information regarding the influence of main factors in the method development and explained the interaction of relevant factors in terms of shortening the analysis time.

Rational development of nanomedicines for molecular targeting in periodontal disease.

Recent advances in understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease and polymicrobial synergy in the dysbiotic oral microbial community endorsed novel therapeutic targets and assured further improvement in periodontal disease treatment. Moreover, understanding of the events at the molecular level inspired the researchers to alleviate the stress from the disease by applying the bottom-up approach and delivering the drugs at the site of action, using nanoscale medicines. This review is focused on promising strategies for rational design of nanopaharmaceuticals for periodontal disease treatment based on novel therapeutic targets and the potential of advanced concepts for inflammation cascade targeting.

Hydroxylated fullerenes inhibit neutrophil function in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, 1820).

Hydroxylated fullerenes act as potent inhibitors of cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases, and are reported to be very strong antioxidants quenching reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Effects of nanosized hydroxylated fullerenes on fish neutrophil function and immune gene transcription was investigated using fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Neutrophil function assays were used to determine the effects of fullerene exposure in vitro and in vivo on oxidative burst, degranulation and extracellular trap (NETs) release, and the innate immune gene transcription was determined with quantitative PCR (qPCR).

Effects of nanosized titanium dioxide on innate immune system of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, 1820).

Effects of nanosized (<100 nm) titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) particles on fish neutrophils and immune gene expression was investigated using the fathead minnow (Pimpehales promelas). Expanded use of TiO(2) in the cosmetic industry has increased the potential exposure risk to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Effects of nano-TiO(2) on neutrophil function of the fathead minnow was investigated using oxidative burst, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release and degranulation of primary granules.