Non-Susceptibility Gene Variants in Head and Neck Paragangliomas.

Head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) are rare neoplasms that, along with pheochromocytomas and extra-adrenal paragangliomas, are associated with inherited mutations in at least 12 susceptibility genes in approximately 40% of cases. However, due to the rarity of HNPGLs, only a series of small-scale studies and individual cases have reported mutations in additional genes that may be involved in tumorigenesis. Consequently, numerous disease-causing mutations and genes responsible for the pathogenesis of HNPGLs remain poorly investigated.

A Snapshot of Early Transcriptional Changes Accompanying the Pro-Neural Phenotype Switch by NGN2, ASCL1, SOX2, and MSI1 in Human Fibroblasts: An RNA-Seq Study.

Direct pro-neural reprogramming is a conversion of differentiated somatic cells to neural cells without an intermediate pluripotency stage. It is usually achieved via ectopic expression (EE) of certain transcription factors (TFs) or other reprogramming factors (RFs). Determining the transcriptional changes (TCs) caused by particular RFs in a given cell line enables an informed approach to reprogramming initiation.

Genetic changes in the gene cause vagal paraganglioma.

Vagal paraganglioma (VPGL) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor that originates from the paraganglion associated with the vagus nerve. VPGLs present challenges in terms of diagnostics and treatment. VPGL can occur as a hereditary tumor and, like other head and neck paragangliomas, is most frequently associated with mutations in the genes.

Sex-determining region complements traditionally used in phylogenetic studies nuclear and chloroplast sequences in investigation of Duby and Spach poplars (genus L., Salicaceae).

Members of the genus L. play an important role in the formation of forests in the northern hemisphere and are used in urban landscaping and timber production. species of closely related sections show extensive hybridization.

Transcriptome Profiling of Prostate Cancer, Considering Risk Groups and the TMPRSS2-ERG Molecular Subtype.

Molecular heterogeneity in prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the key reasons underlying the differing likelihoods of recurrence after surgical treatment in individual patients of the same clinical category. In this study, we performed RNA-Seq profiling of 58 localized PCa and 43 locally advanced PCa tissue samples obtained as a result of radical prostatectomy on a cohort of Russian patients. Based on bioinformatics analysis, we examined features of the transcriptome profiles within the high-risk group, including within the most commonly represented molecular subtype, TMPRSS2-ERG.

Transcriptome Analysis of Redox Systems and Polyamine Metabolic Pathway in Hepatoma and Non-Tumor Hepatocyte-like Cells.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a major role in the regulation of various processes in the cell. The increase in their production is a factor contributing to the development of numerous pathologies, including inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer. Accordingly, the study of ROS production and neutralization, as well as redox-dependent processes and the post-translational modifications of proteins, is warranted.

Lymphatic Dissemination in Prostate Cancer: Features of the Transcriptomic Profile and Prognostic Models.

Radical prostatectomy is the gold standard treatment for prostate cancer (PCa); however, it does not always completely cure PCa, and patients often experience a recurrence of the disease. In addition, the clinical and pathological parameters used to assess the prognosis and choose further tactics for treating a patient are insufficiently informative and need to be supplemented with new markers. In this study, we performed RNA-Seq of PCa tissue samples, aimed at identifying potential prognostic markers at the level of gene expression and miRNAs associated with one of the key signs of cancer aggressiveness-lymphatic dissemination.

Development and Complex Application of Methods for the Identification of Mutations in the and Genes Resulting in the Reduced Content of Linolenic Acid in Flax Oil.

Flax is grown worldwide for seed and fiber production. Linseed varieties differ in their oil composition and are used in pharmaceutical, food, feed, and industrial production. The field of application primarily depends on the content of linolenic (LIN) and linoleic (LIO) fatty acids.

, , , and MicroRNA-503-5p Expression to Forecast Recurrence in -Positive Prostate Cancer.

Following radical surgery, patients may suffer a relapse. It is important to identify such patients so that therapy tactics can be modified appropriately. Existing stratification schemes do not display the probability of recurrence with enough precision since locally advanced prostate cancer (PCa) is classified as high-risk but is not ranked in greater detail.

Identification of cell type-specific correlations between ERK activity and cell viability upon treatment with ERK1/2 inhibitors.

Increased MAPK signaling is a hallmark of various cancers and is a central regulator of cell survival. Direct ERK1/2 inhibition is considered a promising approach to avoid ERK1/2 reactivation caused by upstream kinases BRAF, MEK1/2, and KRAS, as well as by receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, but the dynamics and selectivity of ERK1/2 inhibitors are much less studied compared with BRAF or MEK inhibitors. Using ERK1/2 and downstream kinase ELK1 reporter cell lines of lung cancer (H1299; NRAS), colon cancer (HCT-116; KRAS), neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y), and leukemia (U937), we examined the relationship between ERK inhibition and drug-induced toxicity for five ERK inhibitors: SCH772984, ravoxertinib, LY3214996, ulixertinib, and VX-11e, as well as one MEK inhibitor, PD0325901.

Dynamic Profiling of Exosomal microRNAs in Blood Plasma of Patients with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common and socially significant cancers among men. The aim of this study was to identify significant changes in the expression of exosomal miRNAs associated with an increase in the level of prostate specific antigen in castration-resistant prostate cancer during therapy and to evaluate them as potential prognostic markers for this category of disease. High-throughput miRNA sequencing was performed on 49 blood plasma samples taken from 11 Russian patients with castration-resistant cancer during therapy.

The Effect of Meclofenoxate on the Transcriptome of Aging Brain of Annual Killifish.

Annual fish of the genus are promising models for aging research. reproduces typical aspects of vertebrate aging, including hallmarks of brain aging. Meclofenoxate (MF) is a well-known compound that can enhance cognitive performance.

Genome Assembly and Sex-Determining Region of Male and Female × .

The genus is presented by dioecious species, and it became a promising object to study the genetics of sex in plants. In this work, genomes of male and female × individuals were sequenced for the first time. To achieve high-quality genome assemblies, we used Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Illumina platforms.

Genome and Transcriptome Sequencing of × Identified Sex-Associated Allele-Specific Expression of the Gene.

Transcriptome sequencing of leaves, catkin axes, and flowers from male and female trees of × and genome sequencing of the same plants were performed for the first time. The availability of both genome and transcriptome sequencing data enabled the identification of allele-specific expression. Such an analysis was performed for genes from the sex-determining region (SDR).

Impact TMPRSS2-ERG Molecular Subtype on Prostate Cancer Recurrence.

Currently, seven molecular subtypes of prostate cancer (PCa) are known, the most common of which being the subtype characterized by the presence of the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion transcript. While there is a considerable amount of work devoted to the influence of this transcript on the prognosis of the disease, data on its role in the progression and prognosis of PCa remain controversial. The present study is devoted to the analysis of the association between the TMPRSS2-ERG transcript and the biochemical recurrence of PCa.

Gene Expression Changes and Associated Pathways Involved in the Progression of Prostate Cancer Advanced Stages.

Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common cancers among men worldwide, and advanced PCs, such as locally advanced PC (LAPC) and castration-resistant PC (CRPC), present the greatest challenges in clinical management. Current indicators have limited capacity to predict the disease course; therefore, better prognostic markers are greatly needed. In this study, we performed a bioinformatic analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets, including RNA-Seq data from the prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD; = 55) and West Coast Dream Team - metastatic CRPC (WCDT-MCRPC; = 84) projects, to evaluate the transcriptome changes associated with progression-free survival (PFS) for LAPC and CRPC, respectively.

CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Genome Engineering Reveals the Contribution of the 26S Proteasome to the Extremophilic Nature of the Yeast .

The marine yeast is of high importance in the food, chemical, and medical industries. is also a popular model for studying molecular mechanisms of halo- and osmotolerance. The absence of genome editing technologies hampers research and limits its biotechnological application.

Mutation Frequency in Main Susceptibility Genes Among Patients With Head and Neck Paragangliomas.

Head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors that have a high degree of heritability and are predominantly associated with mutations in ten genes, such as , and . Elucidating the mutation prevalence is crucial for the development of genetic testing. In this study, we identified pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in the main susceptibility genes in 102 Russian patients with HNPGLs (82 carotid and 23 vagal paragangliomas) using whole exome sequencing.

Is Deregulated in Breast, Prostate, and Colorectal Cancer and Participates in Cellular Signaling.

The gene (neuropilin and tolloid-like 2) encodes a protein that acts as an accessory subunit of kainate receptors and is predominantly expressed in the brain. Upregulation of has been observed in several tumors; however, its role in tumorigenesis remains unclear. In this study, we investigated expression in breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer using quantitative PCR (qPCR), as well as the effect of shRNA-mediated silencing on transcriptome changes in colorectal cancer cells.

SEMG1/2 augment energy metabolism of tumor cells.

SEMG1 and SEMG2 genes belong to the family of cancer-testis antigens (CTAs), whose expression normally is restricted to male germ cells but is often restored in various malignancies. High levels of SEMG1 and SEMG2 expression are detected in prostate, renal, and lung cancer as well as hemoblastosis. However, the functional importance of both SEMGs proteins in human neoplasms is still largely unknown.

LINC00973 Induces Proliferation Arrest of Drug-Treated Cancer Cells by Preventing p21 Degradation.

Overcoming drug resistance of cancer cells is the major challenge in molecular oncology. Here, we demonstrate that long non-coding RNA LINC00973 is up-regulated in normal and cancer cells of different origins upon treatment with different chemotherapeutics. Bioinformatics analysis shows that this is a consequence of DNA damage response pathway activation or mitotic arrest.